[20世纪初日本和俄罗斯消灭鼠疫疫情的经验]。

Q4 Medicine
V A Gorshkov-Cantacuzene, T Sumida, I O Mordvinov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

到20世纪初,瘟疫仍然是人类可怕的敌人,无情地袭击城市,夺去许多人的生命。然而,这种疾病的病原体已经被发现,医学界逐渐开始开发基于科学的卫生保护方法,尽管港口检疫仍然是主要的防疫措施。一些国家已经建立了专门机构,进行了科学研究,培训了处理特别危险感染病原体的专家,并编制和发表了报告。在这方面,比较日本和俄罗斯帝国消灭鼠疫爆发的经验似乎是非常有益和有益的。本文以现存的历史文献为基础,考察了1902年横滨和敖德萨两市鼠疫爆发的经历。由于这两个城市都是港口城市,并且经常发生特别危险的传染病,因此这种比较是最正确的,尽管由于现有信息的缺乏,这种比较相当有限。然而,结果表明,隔离不再被认为是对抗鼠疫的唯一措施,取而代之的是消毒、微生物监测和流行病监测。特别是,这些活动的参与者得出结论,认为有可能发生鼠患鼠疫流行病,必须改善城市的卫生条件。临床技术和健康教育得到了改善,但各州卫生服务的不足也暴露出来。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[EXPERIENCE IN ELIMINATING PLAGUE OUTBREAKS IN JAPAN AND RUSSIA IN THE EARLY XX CENTURY].

By the beginning of the 20th century, plague was still a terrible enemy of mankind, striking ruthlessly at cities and claiming many lives. However, the causative agent of the disease had already been discovered and the medical community was gradually beginning to develop science-based approaches to sanitary protection, although quarantine in ports was still the main anti-epidemic measure. A number of countries had already established specialized institutions, conducted scientific research, trained specialists in handling pathogens of particularly dangerous infections, and maintained and published reports. In this regard, it seems very useful and instructive to compare the experience of elimination of plague outbreaks in the Japanese and Russian empires. This article, based on extant historical documents, examines the experience of plague outbreaks in the cities of Yokohama and Odessa in 1902. Since both cities are port cities and were often the scene of battles with particularly dangerous infections, such a comparison is the most correct, although rather limited, due to the paucity of extant information. Nevertheless, the results show that quarantine is no longer considered the only measure to combat plague, ceding the pedestal to disinfection, microbiological monitoring and epizootological surveillance. In particular, participants in those events conclude that a plague epizootic on rats is possible, and that the hygienic condition of cities must be improved. Clinical techniques and health education are improved, but failures by the sanitary services of each state are also revealed.

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CiteScore
0.40
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