Numerical Performances of Internal Heat Generation and Quadratic Thermal Radiation Influences on Unsteady MHD Mixed Convective Flow About a Curved Stretching Surface Embedded in Porous Medium

Quadratic thermal radiation is a key concept in radiative heat transfer, concerning the interplay of thermal radiation. It involves a nonlinear relationship between temperature and radiative properties. While linear thermal radiation is common in various everyday applications, nonlinear thermal radiation is significant in certain situations, especially when a more accurate depiction of radiative heat transfer is necessary. The occurrence plays a vital role in scenarios requiring improved precision in modeling radiative heat transfer. This inquiry aims to analyze incompressible flow across a stretching curved surface affected by quadratic thermal radiation and internal heat generation subject to suction or injection. The governing system of nonlinear differential equations is transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations through the application of similarity transformations. This study offers results obtained using the bvp4c numerical scheme. The results indicate that the curvature constraint enhances the velocity and temperature profiles. Also, parameters such as the Prandtl number (+20.27%), quadratic radiation parameter (+14.72%), temperature ratio parameter (+18.35%), the presence of suction (+16.09%), and the unsteady parameter (+39.53%) act as crucial factors in enhancing the rate of cooling of the system; on the other hand, an enhanced heat generation leads to a reduced rate of cooling by 26.75%. The findings provide important insights that can enhance system efficiency across various applications, such as fluid mechanics and thermal management.