Morphological alteration by Ni doping on BiFeO3 electrodes for supercapacitor applications

The effect of Ni doping on the morphological change of BiFeO₃ electrodes and the resulting effect on their electrochemical properties have been studied. The presence of rhombohedral distorted perovskite structure in the Ni-doped BiFeO₃ thin films has been confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis. Through a detailed examination using a high-resolution scanning electron microscope, it is evident that the surface morphology of the Ni-doped BiFeO₃ thin films is like Cubic and interconnected spheres to form nanoflakes and can be altered by doping percentage. Achieving a specific capacitance of 399.28 F/g from cyclic voltammetry and 417.70 F/g from galvanostatic charge/discharge has been observed. The material shows impressive cycling retention of 86.59% after 10,000 cycles is a key finding of our study. The electrochemical impedance analysis of the 4% Ni-doped BiFeO₃ electrode revealed a lowest charge transfer resistance of 18.61 Ω cm².