High-resolution temporal variations in rock elasticity at kiruna mine (block #30 to #34) using full 4D passive seismic tomography

We investigate seismic velocity changes in the rock mass related to mining induced seismic events and ore exploitation by computing a one-month long 4D elastic model of Kiirunavaara mine (Sweden). We focus on a specific mine sector, where a single \(\varvec{M_W}\)=2.0 event occurred on May 22 (02:31 local time), damaging the infrastructure. We make use of P- and S-first-arrival times obtained from the permanent seismic system for computing the full 4D (continuous 3D volume in time) seismic velocity model of Kiruna mine using a trans-dimensional Monte Carlo sampling. The trans-dimensional approach guarantees that the resolution, both in space and in time, is strictly data-driven. Our results give the following insights into the velocity differences at the mining levels and at different time-length scales. (a) We observe a striking correlation between spatial variations of \(\varvec{V_P}\) and ore-body geometry, confirming the robustness of the velocity model. Clay zones appear as a low \(\varvec{V_P/V_S}\) ratio zones, as seen in previous tomographic studies. (b) High-frequency (hourly) fluctuations of the rock mass \(\varvec{V_P}\) around the ore-passes are highly correlated with seismic sequences in the same rock volumes. In particular, \(\varvec{V_P}\) increases rapidly when ore-passes are seismically active and \(\varvec{V_P}\) values keep a high value for few (1-4) hours after the end of the seismic sequence. (c) The smoothed velocity model, computed as averaged model over a 2-days moving window, suggests that low-frequency \(\varvec{V_P}\) fluctuations can be compared to stress cell measurements located closely.