Half of microbial eukaryote literature focuses on only twelve human parasites.

Although microbial eukaryotes comprise the majority of eukaryotic phylogenetic diversity and inhabit nearly all ecosystems globally, most research focuses on only a few species of human parasites. Here, we quantify the extent of research on known microbial eukaryotic species. Nearly half of the mentions of protist species on publications in PubMed referenced only 10 species included in the Protist Ribosomal Reference (PR2) Database. Likewise, although most samples in the PR2 database are free-living protists from aquatic environments, 12 species of human parasites comprise 47% of the literature. Research efforts that focus on only a handful of eukaryotic lineages severely limit our understanding of the fundamental biology of eukaryotic cells. We highlight recent efforts to characterize novel eukaryotic lineages that have resulted in a new understanding of the rules of life and identify key lineages that are notably absent or limited in the literature, despite their abundance and significance across global ecosystems.