Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Cyclic Peptide-Based Nanocarriers for Enhanced Colon Cancer Treatment.

Cyclic peptides have emerged as therapeutic agents for colon cancer due to their structural stability, enhanced bioavailability, and high target specificity. Natural cyclic peptides derived from plant, marine, and microbial sources exhibit potent anticancer properties. Advancements in nanotechnology have facilitated using cyclic peptide-based nanocarriers to improve drug delivery, enhance tumor penetration, and minimize adverse effects. Nanocarriers including liposomes, niosomes, nanosponges, and nanopolymers provide a revolutionary approach by facilitating localized distribution, enhanced stability, and controlled release of cyclic peptides. This strategy improves pharmacokinetics and lowers systemic toxicity to overcome the limitations of conventional treatments. Recent developments in cyclic peptide-based nanotechnology demonstrate the synergy between cyclic peptides and nanocarriers in overcoming drug resistance in colon cancer. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the sources, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic applications of cyclic peptides in colon cancer treatment. It further explores the role of cyclic peptide-functionalized nanocarriers in overcoming drug resistance and improving drug delivery.