Jessica J Johnson, Sambit Ghosh, Pamela A Shaw, Marian L Neuhouser, Johanna W Lampe, Lesley F Tinker, Ross L Prentice, Natasha Tasevska, Laurence S Freedman, Bert B Boyer, Scarlett E Hopkins, Sarah H Nash, Susanne B Votruba, Jonathan Krakoff, Diane M O'Brien
{"title":"丙氨酸的碳同位素比率是添加糖和含糖饮料摄入量的生物标志物：一项对四项研究的汇总分析。","authors":"Jessica J Johnson, Sambit Ghosh, Pamela A Shaw, Marian L Neuhouser, Johanna W Lampe, Lesley F Tinker, Ross L Prentice, Natasha Tasevska, Laurence S Freedman, Bert B Boyer, Scarlett E Hopkins, Sarah H Nash, Susanne B Votruba, Jonathan Krakoff, Diane M O'Brien","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.09.049","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The alanine carbon isotope ratio (Ala CIR) biomarker was positively associated with added sugar (AS) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in multiple studies from the USA. Association strengths varied, and Ala CIR was also correlated with protein source in certain studies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine Ala CIR associations with AS and SSB intake and animal protein ratio (animal protein/total protein, APR), and adjustment for APR, by pooling data from 4 previous studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We pooled diet and biomarker data from 4 studies (n=346). These included a cross-sectional study of Yup'ik Alaska Native adults (n=62), a 12-wk randomized controlled feeding study in men (n=32), a 2-wk habitual intake controlled feeding study in postmenopausal women (n=153), and a 15-d habitual intake controlled feeding study of adults (n=99). We estimated correlations between amino acid CIRs and diet, and performed multivariable regression of Ala CIR on standardized intake variables to determine simultaneous associations with AS (g/d) or SSBs (servings/d) and APR. We included study by intake interactions to allow for heterogeneity among studies. We then ran models where leucine (Leu) CIR was included to adjust for APR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were positive correlations (95% CIs) between Ala CIR and AS intake [r=0.54 (0.46, 0.61)], log-SSB intake [r=0.63 (0.56, 0.69)], and APR [r=0.32 (0.22, 0.41)]. Study-specific slopes for the relationship between Ala CIR and AS or SSB intake were similar in models with and without adjustment for APR. Across studies, slopes ranged from 0.34 (0.08, 0.61) to 1.75 (1.29, 2.20) for AS intake in models with APR and from 0.35 (0.01, 0.68) to 1.11 (0.81, 1.40) for SSB intake in models with APR. Replacing APR with Leu CIR resulted in similar slopes between Ala CIR and AS/SSB intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Ala CIR is a robust biomarker of AS/SSB intake. Potential associations with APR can be adjusted for using a simultaneously-measured biomarker.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry number: </strong>(DBD study) clinicaltrials.gov/NCT01237093; (NPAAS) clinicaltrials.gov/NCT00000611.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The carbon isotope ratio of alanine is a biomarker of added sugar and sugar-sweetened beverage intakes: a pooled analysis of four studies.\",\"authors\":\"Jessica J Johnson, Sambit Ghosh, Pamela A Shaw, Marian L Neuhouser, Johanna W Lampe, Lesley F Tinker, Ross L Prentice, Natasha Tasevska, Laurence S Freedman, Bert B Boyer, Scarlett E Hopkins, Sarah H Nash, Susanne B Votruba, Jonathan Krakoff, Diane M O'Brien\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.09.049\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The alanine carbon isotope ratio (Ala CIR) biomarker was positively associated with added sugar (AS) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in multiple studies from the USA. Association strengths varied, and Ala CIR was also correlated with protein source in certain studies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine Ala CIR associations with AS and SSB intake and animal protein ratio (animal protein/total protein, APR), and adjustment for APR, by pooling data from 4 previous studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We pooled diet and biomarker data from 4 studies (n=346). These included a cross-sectional study of Yup'ik Alaska Native adults (n=62), a 12-wk randomized controlled feeding study in men (n=32), a 2-wk habitual intake controlled feeding study in postmenopausal women (n=153), and a 15-d habitual intake controlled feeding study of adults (n=99). We estimated correlations between amino acid CIRs and diet, and performed multivariable regression of Ala CIR on standardized intake variables to determine simultaneous associations with AS (g/d) or SSBs (servings/d) and APR. We included study by intake interactions to allow for heterogeneity among studies. We then ran models where leucine (Leu) CIR was included to adjust for APR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were positive correlations (95% CIs) between Ala CIR and AS intake [r=0.54 (0.46, 0.61)], log-SSB intake [r=0.63 (0.56, 0.69)], and APR [r=0.32 (0.22, 0.41)]. Study-specific slopes for the relationship between Ala CIR and AS or SSB intake were similar in models with and without adjustment for APR. Across studies, slopes ranged from 0.34 (0.08, 0.61) to 1.75 (1.29, 2.20) for AS intake in models with APR and from 0.35 (0.01, 0.68) to 1.11 (0.81, 1.40) for SSB intake in models with APR. Replacing APR with Leu CIR resulted in similar slopes between Ala CIR and AS/SSB intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Ala CIR is a robust biomarker of AS/SSB intake. Potential associations with APR can be adjusted for using a simultaneously-measured biomarker.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry number: </strong>(DBD study) clinicaltrials.gov/NCT01237093; (NPAAS) clinicaltrials.gov/NCT00000611.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50813,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.09.049\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"NUTRITION & DIETETICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.09.049","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
The carbon isotope ratio of alanine is a biomarker of added sugar and sugar-sweetened beverage intakes: a pooled analysis of four studies.
Background: The alanine carbon isotope ratio (Ala CIR) biomarker was positively associated with added sugar (AS) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in multiple studies from the USA. Association strengths varied, and Ala CIR was also correlated with protein source in certain studies.
Objective: To examine Ala CIR associations with AS and SSB intake and animal protein ratio (animal protein/total protein, APR), and adjustment for APR, by pooling data from 4 previous studies.
Methods: We pooled diet and biomarker data from 4 studies (n=346). These included a cross-sectional study of Yup'ik Alaska Native adults (n=62), a 12-wk randomized controlled feeding study in men (n=32), a 2-wk habitual intake controlled feeding study in postmenopausal women (n=153), and a 15-d habitual intake controlled feeding study of adults (n=99). We estimated correlations between amino acid CIRs and diet, and performed multivariable regression of Ala CIR on standardized intake variables to determine simultaneous associations with AS (g/d) or SSBs (servings/d) and APR. We included study by intake interactions to allow for heterogeneity among studies. We then ran models where leucine (Leu) CIR was included to adjust for APR.
Results: There were positive correlations (95% CIs) between Ala CIR and AS intake [r=0.54 (0.46, 0.61)], log-SSB intake [r=0.63 (0.56, 0.69)], and APR [r=0.32 (0.22, 0.41)]. Study-specific slopes for the relationship between Ala CIR and AS or SSB intake were similar in models with and without adjustment for APR. Across studies, slopes ranged from 0.34 (0.08, 0.61) to 1.75 (1.29, 2.20) for AS intake in models with APR and from 0.35 (0.01, 0.68) to 1.11 (0.81, 1.40) for SSB intake in models with APR. Replacing APR with Leu CIR resulted in similar slopes between Ala CIR and AS/SSB intake.
Conclusions: The Ala CIR is a robust biomarker of AS/SSB intake. Potential associations with APR can be adjusted for using a simultaneously-measured biomarker.
期刊介绍：
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition is recognized as the most highly rated peer-reviewed, primary research journal in nutrition and dietetics.It focuses on publishing the latest research on various topics in nutrition, including but not limited to obesity, vitamins and minerals, nutrition and disease, and energy metabolism.
Purpose:
The purpose of AJCN is to:
Publish original research studies relevant to human and clinical nutrition.
Consider well-controlled clinical studies describing scientific mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of dietary interventions in the context of disease prevention or health benefits.
Encourage public health and epidemiologic studies relevant to human nutrition.
Promote innovative investigations of nutritional questions employing epigenetic, genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches.
Include solicited editorials, book reviews, solicited or unsolicited review articles, invited controversy position papers, and letters to the Editor related to prior AJCN articles.
Peer Review Process:
All submitted material with scientific content undergoes peer review by the Editors or their designees before acceptance for publication.
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