Usman Abubakar, Lienarrubini Subramaniam, Amer Hayat Khan
{"title":"社区药师对药物基因组学服务的知识、态度、认知和自报信心。","authors":"Usman Abubakar, Lienarrubini Subramaniam, Amer Hayat Khan","doi":"10.1080/20523211.2025.2564400","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pharmacogenomics is used to optimise patient drug therapy. The role of community pharmacists in the implementation of pharmacogenomics services is emerging. This study evaluated the knowledge, attitude, perception, and self-reported confidence of community pharmacists towards pharmacogenomics services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among community pharmacists in Penang, Malaysia, using a self-administered, validated and pre-tested questionnaire. Data were collected from March 2022 to April 2022, and analysed using both descriptive and inferential analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and ten questionnaires were included in this study (response rate 65.5%). Only 14.5% had previous pharmacogenomics training, but 56.4% indicated interest to attend future pharmacogenomics training. Overall, respondents have low knowledge of pharmacogenomics, with higher knowledge score observed among those with previous pharmacogenomics training (median score: 10.5 [7-15] vs 9.0 [1-16], <i>p</i> = 0.018) and those with interest in future training (10.0 [4-16] vs 9.0 [1-16], <i>p</i> = 0.001). Median perception score was 32 out 45, indicating a good perception towards pharmacogenomics. Median self-reported confidence score was 23 out of 40, corresponding to a low self-reported confidence. Self-reported confidence was higher among those with previous pharmacogenomics training (28.0 [17-33] vs 22.0 [0-40], <i>p</i> = 0.021) and those with interest in attending future pharmacogenomics training (24.0 [0-40] vs 19.0 [0-39], <i>p</i> = 0.010). Barriers to implementation of pharmacogenomics are lack of knowledge (84.5%), lack of guidelines (83.6%), and lack of reimbursement (75.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Community pharmacists have a low knowledge, and a low self-reported confidence towards pharmacogenomics services. Previous pharmacogenomics training and interest in attending pharmacogenomics training was associated with higher knowledge, attitude, perception, and self-reported confidence scores. Training of community pharmacists, development of local pharmacogenomics guidelines and design of a workable reimbursement plan for pharmacogenomics services are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":16740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice","volume":"18 1","pages":"2564400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490375/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Knowledge, attitude, perception, and self-reported confidence of community pharmacists towards pharmacogenomics services.\",\"authors\":\"Usman Abubakar, Lienarrubini Subramaniam, Amer Hayat Khan\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/20523211.2025.2564400\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pharmacogenomics is used to optimise patient drug therapy. The role of community pharmacists in the implementation of pharmacogenomics services is emerging. This study evaluated the knowledge, attitude, perception, and self-reported confidence of community pharmacists towards pharmacogenomics services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among community pharmacists in Penang, Malaysia, using a self-administered, validated and pre-tested questionnaire. Data were collected from March 2022 to April 2022, and analysed using both descriptive and inferential analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and ten questionnaires were included in this study (response rate 65.5%). Only 14.5% had previous pharmacogenomics training, but 56.4% indicated interest to attend future pharmacogenomics training. Overall, respondents have low knowledge of pharmacogenomics, with higher knowledge score observed among those with previous pharmacogenomics training (median score: 10.5 [7-15] vs 9.0 [1-16], <i>p</i> = 0.018) and those with interest in future training (10.0 [4-16] vs 9.0 [1-16], <i>p</i> = 0.001). Median perception score was 32 out 45, indicating a good perception towards pharmacogenomics. Median self-reported confidence score was 23 out of 40, corresponding to a low self-reported confidence. Self-reported confidence was higher among those with previous pharmacogenomics training (28.0 [17-33] vs 22.0 [0-40], <i>p</i> = 0.021) and those with interest in attending future pharmacogenomics training (24.0 [0-40] vs 19.0 [0-39], <i>p</i> = 0.010). Barriers to implementation of pharmacogenomics are lack of knowledge (84.5%), lack of guidelines (83.6%), and lack of reimbursement (75.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Community pharmacists have a low knowledge, and a low self-reported confidence towards pharmacogenomics services. Previous pharmacogenomics training and interest in attending pharmacogenomics training was associated with higher knowledge, attitude, perception, and self-reported confidence scores. Training of community pharmacists, development of local pharmacogenomics guidelines and design of a workable reimbursement plan for pharmacogenomics services are recommended.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16740,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice\",\"volume\":\"18 1\",\"pages\":\"2564400\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490375/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/20523211.2025.2564400\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20523211.2025.2564400","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：药物基因组学用于优化患者药物治疗。社区药剂师在实施药物基因组学服务中的作用正在显现。本研究评估社区药师对药物基因组学服务的知识、态度、认知和自报信心。方法：在马来西亚槟城的社区药剂师中进行横断面研究，使用自我管理，验证和预测试的问卷。数据收集于2022年3月至2022年4月，并使用描述性和推断性分析进行分析。结果：共纳入问卷110份，回复率65.5%。只有14.5%的人之前接受过药物基因组学培训，但56.4%的人表示有兴趣参加未来的药物基因组学培训。总体而言，被调查者对药物基因组学知识的了解程度较低，接受过药物基因组学培训的被调查者对药物基因组学知识的了解程度得分较高（中位数得分：10.5 [7-15]vs 9.0 [1-16], p = 0.018），对未来培训感兴趣的被调查者对药物基因组学知识的了解程度得分中位数得分为10.0 [4-16]vs 9.0 [1-16], p = 0.001)。中位感知得分为32分（满分45分），表明对药物基因组学的认知良好。自我报告的自信得分中位数为23分（满分40分），与自我报告的低自信相对应。接受过药物基因组学培训的患者（28.0[17-33]比22.0 [0-40],p = 0.021）和有兴趣参加未来药物基因组学培训的患者（24.0[0-40]比19.0 [0-39],p = 0.010）自我报告的信心更高。实施药物基因组学的障碍是缺乏知识（84.5%）、缺乏指南（83.6%）和缺乏报销（75.4%）。结论：社区药师对药物基因组学服务的认知程度较低，自报信心较低。先前的药物基因组学培训和参加药物基因组学培训的兴趣与更高的知识、态度、感知和自我报告的信心得分相关。建议培训社区药剂师，制定当地药物基因组学指南和设计可行的药物基因组学服务报销计划。
Knowledge, attitude, perception, and self-reported confidence of community pharmacists towards pharmacogenomics services.
Background: Pharmacogenomics is used to optimise patient drug therapy. The role of community pharmacists in the implementation of pharmacogenomics services is emerging. This study evaluated the knowledge, attitude, perception, and self-reported confidence of community pharmacists towards pharmacogenomics services.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among community pharmacists in Penang, Malaysia, using a self-administered, validated and pre-tested questionnaire. Data were collected from March 2022 to April 2022, and analysed using both descriptive and inferential analyses.
Results: One hundred and ten questionnaires were included in this study (response rate 65.5%). Only 14.5% had previous pharmacogenomics training, but 56.4% indicated interest to attend future pharmacogenomics training. Overall, respondents have low knowledge of pharmacogenomics, with higher knowledge score observed among those with previous pharmacogenomics training (median score: 10.5 [7-15] vs 9.0 [1-16], p = 0.018) and those with interest in future training (10.0 [4-16] vs 9.0 [1-16], p = 0.001). Median perception score was 32 out 45, indicating a good perception towards pharmacogenomics. Median self-reported confidence score was 23 out of 40, corresponding to a low self-reported confidence. Self-reported confidence was higher among those with previous pharmacogenomics training (28.0 [17-33] vs 22.0 [0-40], p = 0.021) and those with interest in attending future pharmacogenomics training (24.0 [0-40] vs 19.0 [0-39], p = 0.010). Barriers to implementation of pharmacogenomics are lack of knowledge (84.5%), lack of guidelines (83.6%), and lack of reimbursement (75.4%).
Conclusion: Community pharmacists have a low knowledge, and a low self-reported confidence towards pharmacogenomics services. Previous pharmacogenomics training and interest in attending pharmacogenomics training was associated with higher knowledge, attitude, perception, and self-reported confidence scores. Training of community pharmacists, development of local pharmacogenomics guidelines and design of a workable reimbursement plan for pharmacogenomics services are recommended.
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