Fábio Flôres, Denise Soares, Ana Filipa Silva, Nuno Casanova, Gabriela Almeida, José Marmeleira, Dimitar Shabanliyski
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Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA and a three-way MANCOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants born in Q1 exhibited significantly higher MC scores compared to those born in Q3 and Q4, particularly in the Manipulative domain (<i>p</i> < 0.05, <i>η</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.01). Sports participation had the strongest effect (<i>p</i> < 0.01, <i>η</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.10), with participants in team sports demonstrating higher MC across all domains. Boys outperformed girls in Manipulative skills (<i>p</i> < 0.01, <i>η</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.12). Furthermore, the interaction between birth quartile, sports participation, and sex was also significant (<i>p</i> = 0.02, <i>η</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.01), indicating that the influence of RAE on MC depends on additional contextual factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While RAE had a statistically significant but small effect on MC, sports participation, particularly team sports, and sex may play more dominant roles. These findings underscore the importance of promoting equitable access to organized physical activity while considering the nuanced and context-dependent nature of the RAE.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"7 ","pages":"1608680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492310/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Sports participation and sex outweigh the relative age effect in motor competence of school-aged children.\",\"authors\":\"Fábio Flôres, Denise Soares, Ana Filipa Silva, Nuno Casanova, Gabriela Almeida, José Marmeleira, Dimitar Shabanliyski\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/fspor.2025.1608680\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Relative Age Effect (RAE) refers to the advantage in physical and psychological development that children born earlier in the year often experience, which can influence their participation in sports.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Analyze the influence of RAE on motor competence (MC) in school-aged children, focusing on differences across birth quartiles and types of sports participation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,031 children aged 12.02 ± 2.95 years, stratified by birth quartile (Q1-Q4) and sports participation. MC was assessed using the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) test battery. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA and a three-way MANCOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants born in Q1 exhibited significantly higher MC scores compared to those born in Q3 and Q4, particularly in the Manipulative domain (<i>p</i> < 0.05, <i>η</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.01). Sports participation had the strongest effect (<i>p</i> < 0.01, <i>η</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.10), with participants in team sports demonstrating higher MC across all domains. Boys outperformed girls in Manipulative skills (<i>p</i> < 0.01, <i>η</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.12). Furthermore, the interaction between birth quartile, sports participation, and sex was also significant (<i>p</i> = 0.02, <i>η</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.01), indicating that the influence of RAE on MC depends on additional contextual factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While RAE had a statistically significant but small effect on MC, sports participation, particularly team sports, and sex may play more dominant roles. These findings underscore the importance of promoting equitable access to organized physical activity while considering the nuanced and context-dependent nature of the RAE.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12716,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living\",\"volume\":\"7 \",\"pages\":\"1608680\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492310/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1608680\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"SPORT SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1608680","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"SPORT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：相对年龄效应（Relative Age Effect， RAE）是指出生年龄较早的儿童在生理和心理发展方面的优势，这种优势会影响他们参加体育运动。目的：分析RAE对学龄儿童运动能力（MC）的影响，重点分析出生四分位数和运动参与类型之间的差异。方法：对1031名年龄为12.02±2.95岁的儿童进行横断面研究，按出生四分位数（Q1-Q4）和运动参与情况进行分层。采用运动能力评估（MCA）测试电池对MC进行评估。统计分析包括单因素方差分析和三因素方差分析。结果：Q1出生的参与者的MC得分显著高于Q3和Q4出生的参与者，特别是在操纵领域（p η 2 = 0.01）。体育参与的影响最强（p η 2 = 0.10），团队运动的参与者在所有领域都表现出更高的MC。男生的操作技能优于女生（p η 2 = 0.12）。此外，出生四分位数、运动参与和性别之间的交互作用也很显著（p = 0.02, η 2 = 0.01），表明RAE对MC的影响取决于其他背景因素。结论：虽然RAE对MC有统计学上显著但影响很小，但体育参与，特别是团队运动，和性别可能起更主要的作用。这些发现强调了促进公平获得有组织的身体活动的重要性，同时考虑到RAE的细微差别和情境依赖性。
Sports participation and sex outweigh the relative age effect in motor competence of school-aged children.
Background: The Relative Age Effect (RAE) refers to the advantage in physical and psychological development that children born earlier in the year often experience, which can influence their participation in sports.
Aim: Analyze the influence of RAE on motor competence (MC) in school-aged children, focusing on differences across birth quartiles and types of sports participation.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,031 children aged 12.02 ± 2.95 years, stratified by birth quartile (Q1-Q4) and sports participation. MC was assessed using the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) test battery. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA and a three-way MANCOVA.
Results: Participants born in Q1 exhibited significantly higher MC scores compared to those born in Q3 and Q4, particularly in the Manipulative domain (p < 0.05, η2 = 0.01). Sports participation had the strongest effect (p < 0.01, η2 = 0.10), with participants in team sports demonstrating higher MC across all domains. Boys outperformed girls in Manipulative skills (p < 0.01, η2 = 0.12). Furthermore, the interaction between birth quartile, sports participation, and sex was also significant (p = 0.02, η2 = 0.01), indicating that the influence of RAE on MC depends on additional contextual factors.
Conclusions: While RAE had a statistically significant but small effect on MC, sports participation, particularly team sports, and sex may play more dominant roles. These findings underscore the importance of promoting equitable access to organized physical activity while considering the nuanced and context-dependent nature of the RAE.
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