Tânia Caetano, Maria Salomé Pinho, Eduardo Ramadas, Filipa Freire-Santos, Maria Dos Anjos Dixe
{"title":"基于虚拟现实的认知训练计划对物质使用障碍个体的记忆、执行功能和处理速度的有效性：一项准实验研究。","authors":"Tânia Caetano, Maria Salomé Pinho, Eduardo Ramadas, Filipa Freire-Santos, Maria Dos Anjos Dixe","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1653783","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive deficits are frequently observed in individuals with Substance use disorders (SUD) and have been linked to poorer treatment outcomes and a heightened risk of relapse. We aimed to study the effectiveness of a 6-week virtual reality-based cognitive training program (VRainSUD-VR) on neuropsychological outcomes, specifically memory, executive functioning, and processing speed, as well as on treatment dropout rates in individuals with SUD. We hypothesized that adding VRainSUD-VR to treatment as usual (TAU) would lead to greater cognitive improvements compared to TAU alone. As a secondary hypothesis, we expected VRainSUD-VR to reduce false memories relative to TAU.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A non-randomized design with a control group, pre- and post-test assessments, and convenience sampling was employed. Patients (<i>N</i> = 47) were assigned to either the control group (CG), which received TAU (<i>n</i> = 22), or the experimental group (EG), which received VRainSUD-VR in addition to TAU (<i>n</i> = 25). Cognitive and treatment outcomes (e.g., dropout rates) were assessed at pre- and post-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant time × group interactions were found for overall executive functioning [<i>F</i> <sub>(1, 75)</sub> = 20.05, <i>p</i> < 0.001] and global memory [<i>F</i> <sub>(1, 75)</sub> = 36.42, <i>p</i> < 0.001], indicating the effectiveness of VRainSUD-VR. No significant time × group interactions were found for most processing speed outcomes (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VRainSUD-VR could be integrated into residential programs to improve general executive functioning, perceptual reasoning, and working memory, including visual working memory, as well as different aspects of global memory, such as visual, auditory, immediate, and delayed recall. Future research should explore the long-term effects of this intervention and consider additional potential mediating factors to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying its effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1653783"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12493147/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effectiveness of a virtual reality-based cognitive training program on memory, executive functioning, and processing speed in individuals with substance use disorders: a quasi-experimental study.\",\"authors\":\"Tânia Caetano, Maria Salomé Pinho, Eduardo Ramadas, Filipa Freire-Santos, Maria Dos Anjos Dixe\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1653783\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive deficits are frequently observed in individuals with Substance use disorders (SUD) and have been linked to poorer treatment outcomes and a heightened risk of relapse. We aimed to study the effectiveness of a 6-week virtual reality-based cognitive training program (VRainSUD-VR) on neuropsychological outcomes, specifically memory, executive functioning, and processing speed, as well as on treatment dropout rates in individuals with SUD. We hypothesized that adding VRainSUD-VR to treatment as usual (TAU) would lead to greater cognitive improvements compared to TAU alone. As a secondary hypothesis, we expected VRainSUD-VR to reduce false memories relative to TAU.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A non-randomized design with a control group, pre- and post-test assessments, and convenience sampling was employed. Patients (<i>N</i> = 47) were assigned to either the control group (CG), which received TAU (<i>n</i> = 22), or the experimental group (EG), which received VRainSUD-VR in addition to TAU (<i>n</i> = 25). Cognitive and treatment outcomes (e.g., dropout rates) were assessed at pre- and post-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant time × group interactions were found for overall executive functioning [<i>F</i> <sub>(1, 75)</sub> = 20.05, <i>p</i> < 0.001] and global memory [<i>F</i> <sub>(1, 75)</sub> = 36.42, <i>p</i> < 0.001], indicating the effectiveness of VRainSUD-VR. No significant time × group interactions were found for most processing speed outcomes (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VRainSUD-VR could be integrated into residential programs to improve general executive functioning, perceptual reasoning, and working memory, including visual working memory, as well as different aspects of global memory, such as visual, auditory, immediate, and delayed recall. Future research should explore the long-term effects of this intervention and consider additional potential mediating factors to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying its effectiveness.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12368,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience\",\"volume\":\"19 \",\"pages\":\"1653783\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12493147/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1653783\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1653783","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Effectiveness of a virtual reality-based cognitive training program on memory, executive functioning, and processing speed in individuals with substance use disorders: a quasi-experimental study.
Background: Cognitive deficits are frequently observed in individuals with Substance use disorders (SUD) and have been linked to poorer treatment outcomes and a heightened risk of relapse. We aimed to study the effectiveness of a 6-week virtual reality-based cognitive training program (VRainSUD-VR) on neuropsychological outcomes, specifically memory, executive functioning, and processing speed, as well as on treatment dropout rates in individuals with SUD. We hypothesized that adding VRainSUD-VR to treatment as usual (TAU) would lead to greater cognitive improvements compared to TAU alone. As a secondary hypothesis, we expected VRainSUD-VR to reduce false memories relative to TAU.
Methods: A non-randomized design with a control group, pre- and post-test assessments, and convenience sampling was employed. Patients (N = 47) were assigned to either the control group (CG), which received TAU (n = 22), or the experimental group (EG), which received VRainSUD-VR in addition to TAU (n = 25). Cognitive and treatment outcomes (e.g., dropout rates) were assessed at pre- and post-test.
Results: Statistically significant time × group interactions were found for overall executive functioning [F(1, 75) = 20.05, p < 0.001] and global memory [F(1, 75) = 36.42, p < 0.001], indicating the effectiveness of VRainSUD-VR. No significant time × group interactions were found for most processing speed outcomes (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: VRainSUD-VR could be integrated into residential programs to improve general executive functioning, perceptual reasoning, and working memory, including visual working memory, as well as different aspects of global memory, such as visual, auditory, immediate, and delayed recall. Future research should explore the long-term effects of this intervention and consider additional potential mediating factors to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying its effectiveness.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience is a leading journal in its field, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research that advances our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying behavior. Field Chief Editor Nuno Sousa at the Instituto de Pesquisa em Ciências da Vida e da Saúde (ICVS) is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international experts. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide.
This journal publishes major insights into the neural mechanisms of animal and human behavior, and welcomes articles studying the interplay between behavior and its neurobiological basis at all levels: from molecular biology and genetics, to morphological, biochemical, neurochemical, electrophysiological, neuroendocrine, pharmacological, and neuroimaging studies.
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