Honey-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: A Review of Physicochemical Characterization and Functional Evaluations

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles with honey (H-AgNPs) has advanced by avoiding toxic reagents and harmful by products. Unlike other natural products, honey stands out for its practicality, eliminating the need for complex extraction processes and preservation steps. H-AgNPs possess distinct physicochemical properties, including optical and functional characteristics that can be enhanced by the presence of honey, making them promising candidates for applications in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and materials industries. This review begins with an examination of the synthesis parameters of H-AgNPs and the direct impact of variations in conditions on nanoparticle size, absorption spectra, and the main physicochemical characterization techniques employed to study these nanometals. Subsequently, the main applications of H-AgNPs were demonstrated in terms of their functional evaluations in biomedical fields and their contributions to materials engineering, thus demonstrating their promising potential observed in various in vitro and in vivo studies. The discussion also covers integration and the main challen ges encountered in scaling up production and advancing to clinical methods. However, there are still advantages to their use over other biosyntheses. Although H-AgNPs possess remarkable properties that make them suitable for a variety of applications, their synthesis continues to be hampered by limitations that go beyond current knowledge.

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