Synergizing Health and Technology in Green Buildings: A Critical Review of Indoor Air Quality Monitoring and Solutions

This comprehensive critical review shows how green buildings and energy optimization solutions improve indoor air quality (IAQ) as well as indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and human health. The growing emphasis on sustainable living has led to the establishment of green and sustainable building approaches, which are widely acknowledged for their energy efficiency and potential to reduce costs. A systematic analysis of 128 peer-reviewed publications was conducted, including studies on design and materials, IAQ monitoring technologies, and health impacts. Technologies such as low-cost sensors including Dylos, Foobot, and AirVisual Pro, as well as communication systems like Wi-Fi, LoRa, Bluetooth, and VLC, are assessed based on their performance, limitations, and practical use in real-time IAQ monitoring. Key challenges include sensor drift, maintenance demands, environmental sensitivity, and regulatory barriers in specific regions. Intelligent calibration models and integration strategies are explored to enhance data accuracy and system longevity. While green buildings generally offer better IAQ, effectiveness varies due to outdoor pollution, building age, and material selection. The study emphasizes the need for a holistic, health-driven approach in sustainable building design that combines architecture, technology, and human well-being to foster resilient and healthier indoor environments.