{"title":"神经系统患者口咽吞咽困难和营养不良的危险因素","authors":"Līga Savicka, Baiba Kubile, Guna Bērziņa","doi":"10.1155/ane/3715519","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) and malnutrition are prevalent among neurological patients, particularly those with cerebrovascular disease and neurodegenerative conditions. Both conditions can significantly impact the health and recovery of these individuals. The study was aimed at identifying risk factors associated with OD and malnutrition, using the biopsychosocial model to explore the relationships between these outcomes and various risk factors, including body structures, body functions, level of activity and participation, and contextual factors.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>This cross-sectional study included 144 neurological patients, aged 19–93 years. Data were collected on a range of factors, including oral and pharyngeal structures, appetite, cognitive function, and social participation. The prevalence of OD and malnutrition was assessed using the Standardized Swallowing Assessment and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Risk factors were evaluated using logistic regression models based on the biopsychosocial model.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>The prevalence of OD and malnutrition in the study sample was 27.1% and 35.4%, respectively. Significant risk factors for OD included impaired oral structures (tongue, lips, and soft palate), cognitive dysfunction, and appetite loss. Malnutrition was associated with soft palate impairment, reduced calf circumference, weight loss, and social isolation. Higher scores in the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) getting along domain (indicating poor social functioning) and living alone were linked to increased malnutrition risk. No significant relationship was found between environmental factors or health conditions and OD or malnutrition. While most dysphagia patients retained some ability to eat orally, dietary adaptations were frequently required.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>This study highlights the high prevalence of OD and malnutrition among neurological patients and identifies key risk factors, including both physical impairments and psychosocial elements. Early screening and targeted interventions, such as dietary modifications and cognitive support, are essential for improving patient outcomes. A biopsychosocial approach is effective in understanding the multifactorial nature of these conditions and informs clinical practice. Future longitudinal studies are necessary to better understand causal relationships and enhance the generalizability of these findings.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":6939,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ane/3715519","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Risk Factors of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Malnutrition in Neurological Patients\",\"authors\":\"Līga Savicka, Baiba Kubile, Guna Bērziņa\",\"doi\":\"10.1155/ane/3715519\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) and malnutrition are prevalent among neurological patients, particularly those with cerebrovascular disease and neurodegenerative conditions. Both conditions can significantly impact the health and recovery of these individuals. The study was aimed at identifying risk factors associated with OD and malnutrition, using the biopsychosocial model to explore the relationships between these outcomes and various risk factors, including body structures, body functions, level of activity and participation, and contextual factors.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>This cross-sectional study included 144 neurological patients, aged 19–93 years. Data were collected on a range of factors, including oral and pharyngeal structures, appetite, cognitive function, and social participation. The prevalence of OD and malnutrition was assessed using the Standardized Swallowing Assessment and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Risk factors were evaluated using logistic regression models based on the biopsychosocial model.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>The prevalence of OD and malnutrition in the study sample was 27.1% and 35.4%, respectively. Significant risk factors for OD included impaired oral structures (tongue, lips, and soft palate), cognitive dysfunction, and appetite loss. Malnutrition was associated with soft palate impairment, reduced calf circumference, weight loss, and social isolation. Higher scores in the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) getting along domain (indicating poor social functioning) and living alone were linked to increased malnutrition risk. No significant relationship was found between environmental factors or health conditions and OD or malnutrition. While most dysphagia patients retained some ability to eat orally, dietary adaptations were frequently required.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\\n \\n <p>This study highlights the high prevalence of OD and malnutrition among neurological patients and identifies key risk factors, including both physical impairments and psychosocial elements. Early screening and targeted interventions, such as dietary modifications and cognitive support, are essential for improving patient outcomes. A biopsychosocial approach is effective in understanding the multifactorial nature of these conditions and informs clinical practice. Future longitudinal studies are necessary to better understand causal relationships and enhance the generalizability of these findings.</p>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":6939,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica\",\"volume\":\"2025 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-02\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ane/3715519\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/ane/3715519\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/ane/3715519","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Risk Factors of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Malnutrition in Neurological Patients
Background
Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) and malnutrition are prevalent among neurological patients, particularly those with cerebrovascular disease and neurodegenerative conditions. Both conditions can significantly impact the health and recovery of these individuals. The study was aimed at identifying risk factors associated with OD and malnutrition, using the biopsychosocial model to explore the relationships between these outcomes and various risk factors, including body structures, body functions, level of activity and participation, and contextual factors.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 144 neurological patients, aged 19–93 years. Data were collected on a range of factors, including oral and pharyngeal structures, appetite, cognitive function, and social participation. The prevalence of OD and malnutrition was assessed using the Standardized Swallowing Assessment and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Risk factors were evaluated using logistic regression models based on the biopsychosocial model.
Results
The prevalence of OD and malnutrition in the study sample was 27.1% and 35.4%, respectively. Significant risk factors for OD included impaired oral structures (tongue, lips, and soft palate), cognitive dysfunction, and appetite loss. Malnutrition was associated with soft palate impairment, reduced calf circumference, weight loss, and social isolation. Higher scores in the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) getting along domain (indicating poor social functioning) and living alone were linked to increased malnutrition risk. No significant relationship was found between environmental factors or health conditions and OD or malnutrition. While most dysphagia patients retained some ability to eat orally, dietary adaptations were frequently required.
Conclusion
This study highlights the high prevalence of OD and malnutrition among neurological patients and identifies key risk factors, including both physical impairments and psychosocial elements. Early screening and targeted interventions, such as dietary modifications and cognitive support, are essential for improving patient outcomes. A biopsychosocial approach is effective in understanding the multifactorial nature of these conditions and informs clinical practice. Future longitudinal studies are necessary to better understand causal relationships and enhance the generalizability of these findings.
期刊介绍:
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica aims to publish manuscripts of a high scientific quality representing original clinical, diagnostic or experimental work in neuroscience. The journal''s scope is to act as an international forum for the dissemination of information advancing the science or practice of this subject area. Papers in English will be welcomed, especially those which bring new knowledge and observations from the application of therapies or techniques in the combating of a broad spectrum of neurological disease and neurodegenerative disorders. Relevant articles on the basic neurosciences will be published where they extend present understanding of such disorders. Priority will be given to review of topical subjects. Papers requiring rapid publication because of their significance and timeliness will be included as ''Clinical commentaries'' not exceeding two printed pages, as will ''Clinical commentaries'' of sufficient general interest. Debate within the speciality is encouraged in the form of ''Letters to the editor''. All submitted manuscripts falling within the overall scope of the journal will be assessed by suitably qualified referees.