{"title":"深海回声：揭示甲型流感病毒在水生生态系统中的持久性和微生物关联","authors":"Weijie Chen, Pengfei Yang, Jingjing Hu, Xinyu Liu, Chenyan Jiang, Huanyu Wu, Yuxi Wang, Qingli Yan, Shuiping Lu, Jiasheng Xiong, Xiaoyan Huang, Yue Pan, Fang He, Qi Chen, Siru Hu, Mingquan Chen, Chenglong Xiong","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5586400","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are significant pathogens with complex transmission dynamics in aquatic ecosystems, yet their persistence, evolutionary relationships, and associations with environmental microorganisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the phylogenetic characteristics and ecological associations of IAV in freshwater and seawater ecosystems in Eastern China to inform public health strategies.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Water samples were collected from three freshwater lakes and a coastal seawater site. Viral particles were concentrated, and nucleic acids were extracted for metatranscriptomic and metagenomic sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses, population dynamics assessments, and microbial association networks were constructed using bioinformatic tools. Statistical tests, including Tajima’s <i>D</i> and Fu and Li’s tests, were applied to evaluate evolutionary trends.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>IAV fragments in seawater showed high homology with recent human H3N2 strains from North America (2021–2024), while freshwater-derived fragments aligned with historical avian strains from Asia. Microbial association networks revealed significant associations between IAV and environmental bacteria (e.g., <i>Brevundimonas aurantiaca</i>) and fungi (e.g., <i>Thamnidium</i>), implying potential ecological associations that may underpin viral persistence. Freshwater environments with higher abundances of Uroviricota exhibited more frequent IAV detection. PERMANOVA confirmed distinct overall microbial community compositions in IAV-positive versus IAV-negative samples across both freshwater and seawater ecosystems (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>Aquatic ecosystems, particularly freshwater habitats, may serve as reservoirs for IAV persistence and evolution, driven by complex microbial associations. Regional disparities in viral strain origins highlight the role of migratory waterfowl and environmental transmission routes. Integrated surveillance of aquatic IAV dynamics is critical to anticipate zoonotic risks and mitigate future outbreaks.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5586400","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Echoes in the Deep: Revealing Influenza A Viruses’ Persistence and Microbial Associations in Aquatic Ecosystems\",\"authors\":\"Weijie Chen, Pengfei Yang, Jingjing Hu, Xinyu Liu, Chenyan Jiang, Huanyu Wu, Yuxi Wang, Qingli Yan, Shuiping Lu, Jiasheng Xiong, Xiaoyan Huang, Yue Pan, Fang He, Qi Chen, Siru Hu, Mingquan Chen, Chenglong Xiong\",\"doi\":\"10.1155/tbed/5586400\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are significant pathogens with complex transmission dynamics in aquatic ecosystems, yet their persistence, evolutionary relationships, and associations with environmental microorganisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the phylogenetic characteristics and ecological associations of IAV in freshwater and seawater ecosystems in Eastern China to inform public health strategies.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>Water samples were collected from three freshwater lakes and a coastal seawater site. Viral particles were concentrated, and nucleic acids were extracted for metatranscriptomic and metagenomic sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses, population dynamics assessments, and microbial association networks were constructed using bioinformatic tools. Statistical tests, including Tajima’s <i>D</i> and Fu and Li’s tests, were applied to evaluate evolutionary trends.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>IAV fragments in seawater showed high homology with recent human H3N2 strains from North America (2021–2024), while freshwater-derived fragments aligned with historical avian strains from Asia. Microbial association networks revealed significant associations between IAV and environmental bacteria (e.g., <i>Brevundimonas aurantiaca</i>) and fungi (e.g., <i>Thamnidium</i>), implying potential ecological associations that may underpin viral persistence. Freshwater environments with higher abundances of Uroviricota exhibited more frequent IAV detection. PERMANOVA confirmed distinct overall microbial community compositions in IAV-positive versus IAV-negative samples across both freshwater and seawater ecosystems (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\\n \\n <p>Aquatic ecosystems, particularly freshwater habitats, may serve as reservoirs for IAV persistence and evolution, driven by complex microbial associations. Regional disparities in viral strain origins highlight the role of migratory waterfowl and environmental transmission routes. Integrated surveillance of aquatic IAV dynamics is critical to anticipate zoonotic risks and mitigate future outbreaks.</p>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":234,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases\",\"volume\":\"2025 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5586400\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/tbed/5586400\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"INFECTIOUS DISEASES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/tbed/5586400","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Echoes in the Deep: Revealing Influenza A Viruses’ Persistence and Microbial Associations in Aquatic Ecosystems
Background
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are significant pathogens with complex transmission dynamics in aquatic ecosystems, yet their persistence, evolutionary relationships, and associations with environmental microorganisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the phylogenetic characteristics and ecological associations of IAV in freshwater and seawater ecosystems in Eastern China to inform public health strategies.
Methods
Water samples were collected from three freshwater lakes and a coastal seawater site. Viral particles were concentrated, and nucleic acids were extracted for metatranscriptomic and metagenomic sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses, population dynamics assessments, and microbial association networks were constructed using bioinformatic tools. Statistical tests, including Tajima’s D and Fu and Li’s tests, were applied to evaluate evolutionary trends.
Results
IAV fragments in seawater showed high homology with recent human H3N2 strains from North America (2021–2024), while freshwater-derived fragments aligned with historical avian strains from Asia. Microbial association networks revealed significant associations between IAV and environmental bacteria (e.g., Brevundimonas aurantiaca) and fungi (e.g., Thamnidium), implying potential ecological associations that may underpin viral persistence. Freshwater environments with higher abundances of Uroviricota exhibited more frequent IAV detection. PERMANOVA confirmed distinct overall microbial community compositions in IAV-positive versus IAV-negative samples across both freshwater and seawater ecosystems (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Aquatic ecosystems, particularly freshwater habitats, may serve as reservoirs for IAV persistence and evolution, driven by complex microbial associations. Regional disparities in viral strain origins highlight the role of migratory waterfowl and environmental transmission routes. Integrated surveillance of aquatic IAV dynamics is critical to anticipate zoonotic risks and mitigate future outbreaks.
期刊介绍：
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases brings together in one place the latest research on infectious diseases considered to hold the greatest economic threat to animals and humans worldwide. The journal provides a venue for global research on their diagnosis, prevention and management, and for papers on public health, pathogenesis, epidemiology, statistical modeling, diagnostics, biosecurity issues, genomics, vaccine development and rapid communication of new outbreaks. Papers should include timely research approaches using state-of-the-art technologies. The editors encourage papers adopting a science-based approach on socio-economic and environmental factors influencing the management of the bio-security threat posed by these diseases, including risk analysis and disease spread modeling. Preference will be given to communications focusing on novel science-based approaches to controlling transboundary and emerging diseases. The following topics are generally considered out-of-scope, but decisions are made on a case-by-case basis (for example, studies on cryptic wildlife populations, and those on potential species extinctions):
Pathogen discovery: a common pathogen newly recognised in a specific country, or a new pathogen or genetic sequence for which there is little context about — or insights regarding — its emergence or spread.
Prevalence estimation surveys and risk factor studies based on survey (rather than longitudinal) methodology, except when such studies are unique. Surveys of knowledge, attitudes and practices are within scope.
Diagnostic test development if not accompanied by robust sensitivity and specificity estimation from field studies.
Studies focused only on laboratory methods in which relevance to disease emergence and spread is not obvious or can not be inferred (“pure research” type studies).
Narrative literature reviews which do not generate new knowledge. Systematic and scoping reviews, and meta-analyses are within scope.
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