Recent progress in DNA-based approaches for authenticating herbal materials and botanical dietary supplements

Background

Herbal materials and botanical supplements are widely consumed for health benefits, yet concerns persist due to prevalent adulteration, highlighting the need for reliable authentication methods.

Scope and approach

This review examines DNA identification techniques for quality control of both botanical dietary supplements and their constituent raw materials. The methods relevant to this field are split into two categories: mainstream analytical and emerging detection techniques. The focus is on their applicability for detecting raw and multi-ingredient processed products, quantification potential, and on-site testing suitability.

Key findings and conclusions

DNA identification methods, such as PCR variants like TaqMan and high-resolution melting (HRM), as well as DNA barcoding, have been effectively applied by enterprises and regulatory bodies for authenticating herbal materials, addressing many quality control challenges. Emerging technologies, including LAMP, RPA and digital PCR, combined with tools like microfluidics, lateral flow assays, and CRISPR/Cas systems, hold great potential for rapid, on-site testing. However, practical challenges such as cost, accessibility, and stability remain significant barriers, requiring further research to enable their widespread application in real-world scenarios.