Elena C. Beckhaus , Christian Briseño-Avena , Moira Décima , Jeannette Yen , Maya L. Young , Jennifer C. Prairie
{"title":"海洋雪粒分布和密度梯度对太平洋蛤觅食行为的影响","authors":"Elena C. Beckhaus , Christian Briseño-Avena , Moira Décima , Jeannette Yen , Maya L. Young , Jennifer C. Prairie","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152137","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copepods play a critical role in transferring energy up the food web and can often exhibit foraging strategies that allow them to capitalize on patchy prey environments such as marine snow layers. Since marine snow layers co-occur with density gradients in the field, we evaluated how each of these affected copepod foraging behavior by exposing <em>Calanus pacificus</em> to treatments with different distributions of marine snow and with and without density stratification. Swimming behavior was recorded in the lab using imaging in 2D and 3D. We observed significantly higher residence time of copepods in the middle of the tank in the two treatments with a density gradient – both the one with a marine snow layer (which is created using a density gradient) and the one without marine snow – although the accumulation of copepods was more intense when the marine snow layer was present. Copepods also exhibited higher jump frequency and lower vertical velocity in the middle of the tank in the two treatments with a density gradient. Gut content analysis showed that copepods ingested marine snow when exposed to the marine snow layer and the homogenous distribution of aggregates, with possibly higher ingestion in the layer treatment. These results suggest that density gradients may act as a primary physical cue – with the presence of chemical cues having a potential secondary effect. Behavioral responses to these cues allow copepods to find and remain in marine snow layers, providing insight into how these interactions can disrupt the sinking of marine snow, which transports carbon to the deep ocean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"593 ","pages":"Article 152137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The effect of marine snow particle distribution and density gradients on the foraging behavior of Calanus pacificus\",\"authors\":\"Elena C. Beckhaus , Christian Briseño-Avena , Moira Décima , Jeannette Yen , Maya L. Young , Jennifer C. Prairie\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152137\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Copepods play a critical role in transferring energy up the food web and can often exhibit foraging strategies that allow them to capitalize on patchy prey environments such as marine snow layers. Since marine snow layers co-occur with density gradients in the field, we evaluated how each of these affected copepod foraging behavior by exposing <em>Calanus pacificus</em> to treatments with different distributions of marine snow and with and without density stratification. Swimming behavior was recorded in the lab using imaging in 2D and 3D. We observed significantly higher residence time of copepods in the middle of the tank in the two treatments with a density gradient – both the one with a marine snow layer (which is created using a density gradient) and the one without marine snow – although the accumulation of copepods was more intense when the marine snow layer was present. Copepods also exhibited higher jump frequency and lower vertical velocity in the middle of the tank in the two treatments with a density gradient. Gut content analysis showed that copepods ingested marine snow when exposed to the marine snow layer and the homogenous distribution of aggregates, with possibly higher ingestion in the layer treatment. These results suggest that density gradients may act as a primary physical cue – with the presence of chemical cues having a potential secondary effect. Behavioral responses to these cues allow copepods to find and remain in marine snow layers, providing insight into how these interactions can disrupt the sinking of marine snow, which transports carbon to the deep ocean.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50197,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology\",\"volume\":\"593 \",\"pages\":\"Article 152137\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-29\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098125000577\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098125000577","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of marine snow particle distribution and density gradients on the foraging behavior of Calanus pacificus
Copepods play a critical role in transferring energy up the food web and can often exhibit foraging strategies that allow them to capitalize on patchy prey environments such as marine snow layers. Since marine snow layers co-occur with density gradients in the field, we evaluated how each of these affected copepod foraging behavior by exposing Calanus pacificus to treatments with different distributions of marine snow and with and without density stratification. Swimming behavior was recorded in the lab using imaging in 2D and 3D. We observed significantly higher residence time of copepods in the middle of the tank in the two treatments with a density gradient – both the one with a marine snow layer (which is created using a density gradient) and the one without marine snow – although the accumulation of copepods was more intense when the marine snow layer was present. Copepods also exhibited higher jump frequency and lower vertical velocity in the middle of the tank in the two treatments with a density gradient. Gut content analysis showed that copepods ingested marine snow when exposed to the marine snow layer and the homogenous distribution of aggregates, with possibly higher ingestion in the layer treatment. These results suggest that density gradients may act as a primary physical cue – with the presence of chemical cues having a potential secondary effect. Behavioral responses to these cues allow copepods to find and remain in marine snow layers, providing insight into how these interactions can disrupt the sinking of marine snow, which transports carbon to the deep ocean.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology provides a forum for experimental ecological research on marine organisms in relation to their environment. Topic areas include studies that focus on biochemistry, physiology, behavior, genetics, and ecological theory. The main emphasis of the Journal lies in hypothesis driven experimental work, both from the laboratory and the field. Natural experiments or descriptive studies that elucidate fundamental ecological processes are welcome. Submissions should have a broad ecological framework beyond the specific study organism or geographic region.
Short communications that highlight emerging issues and exciting discoveries within five printed pages will receive a rapid turnaround. Papers describing important new analytical, computational, experimental and theoretical techniques and methods are encouraged and will be highlighted as Methodological Advances. We welcome proposals for Review Papers synthesizing a specific field within marine ecology. Finally, the journal aims to publish Special Issues at regular intervals synthesizing a particular field of marine science. All printed papers undergo a peer review process before being accepted and will receive a first decision within three months.