Diagnostic considerations and intraoperative surgical decisions in paraurethral leiomyoma: A case report and review of literature

Paraurethral leiomyoma is a rare, benign smooth muscle tumor that often presents with urinary and pelvic symptoms, mimicking other periurethral conditions. We report a 41-year-old woman with pelvic pain and lower urinary tract symptoms, diagnosed with paraurethral leiomyoma and confirmed histologically. Although preoperative assessments may suggest an abdomino-vaginal approach, our case highlights that the surgical route is best determined intraoperatively. To better understand this condition, we reviewed published cases over recent decades, summarizing clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, surgical approaches, and postoperative outcomes.