同卵双胞胎的饮食质量和植物性与杂食性饮食的比较：对双胞胎营养研究的二次分析（Twins）

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107549

Amanda B Zeitlin , Catherine P Ward , Alma Oralia Minerva Cooper , Matthew J Landry , Andrea M Krenek , Lindsay R Durand , Kristen M Cunanan , Jennifer L Robinson , Christopher C Dant , Christopher D Gardner

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引用次数: 0

摘要

食肉、素食和其他饮食模式包含健康和不健康食物的组合。在设计营养干预研究时，平衡的一个方面是强调所有被对比的饮食模式的高饮食质量。本研究对一项为期8周的研究进行了二次分析，旨在定性地检查参与者饮食评估数据与最初研究设计目标的一致性，该研究设计目标是实现对既健康又彼此不同的研究饮食的坚持。在这项饮食干预中，22对同卵双胞胎被随机分配到素食或杂食性饮食，并食用外卖服务餐（0-4周）或自己准备适合饮食的膳食/零食（4-8周）。在第0周、第4周和第8周的24小时饮食回顾数据用于比较选定食物组和营养素摄入量的变化。线性混合模型评估了健康饮食指数-2015 （HEI）评分在第4周和第8周与基线相比的变化，考虑到重复测量。结果两组在研究期间的HEI得分均有显著提高。相对于基线，纯素食者（14.2）和杂食者（9.0）的HEI总分的平均变化在4周时增加，而纯素食者（12.0）和杂食者（7.9）的这些增加在8周时基本保持不变。两组的健康方面相似，包括更多的蔬菜和更少的添加糖。区分因素包括素食者摄入更多豆类和纤维，杂食者摄入更多胆固醇和维生素B-12。结论本次饮食干预试验的二次分析表明，在研究期间，素食组和杂食组的饮食质量都有所改善，同时在关键营养素/食物组上，两组之间存在实质性差异。这使我们能够对两种饮食的健康版本进行有意义的对比，以了解它们对先前报道的健康终点的影响。该试验在clinicaltrials.gov注册为NCT05297825。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Diet Quality and Comparison of Plant-Based Versus Omnivore Diets in Identical Twins: A Secondary Analysis of the Twins Nutrition Study (TwiNS)

Background

Omnivorous, vegan, and other diet patterns contain combinations of healthy and less-healthy foods. One aspect of equipoise in designing nutrition intervention studies is to emphasize high diet quality for all dietary patterns being contrasted.

Objectives

This secondary analysis of an 8-wk long study was designed to qualitatively examine the alignment of participant diet assessment data with the original study design goal of achieving adherence to study diets that were both healthy and yet meaningfully different from one another.

Methods

In this diet intervention, 22 pairs of identical twins were randomly assigned to a vegan or omnivorous diet and to consume either delivery-service meals (weeks 0–4) or prepare their own diet-appropriate meals/snacks (weeks 4–8). Data from 24-h dietary recalls at weeks 0, 4, and 8 were used to compare changes in intake of select food groups and nutrients. Linear mixed modeling evaluated changes in Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI) scores at weeks 4 and 8 compared with baseline, accounting for repeated measurements.

Results

Both groups showed significant increase in their HEI scores during the study. Relative to baseline, mean changes in HEI total scores increased at 4 wk for both vegans (14.2) and omnivores (9.0), and these increases were largely maintained at 8 wk for both vegans (12.0) and omnivores (7.9). Healthy aspects similar for both groups included more vegetables and less added sugars. Differentiating factors included more legumes and fiber for vegans and more cholesterol and vitamin B-12 for omnivores.

Conclusions

In this secondary analysis of a diet intervention trial, it is demonstrated that both the vegan and omnivore groups improved their diet quality during the study, while at the same time achieving substantive differences between the 2 groups in key nutrients/food groups. This allowed us to meaningfully contrast healthy versions of the 2 diets for their effects on previously reported health end points.

This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05297825.

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