比较地中海和西方饮食：中年大鼠的认知和微生物群影响

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107543

Rebecca J Solch-Ottaiano , Colin Harper , Madison Prats , Elizabeth B Engler-Chiurazzi , Blake Ouvrier , Saifudeen Ismael , Gregory Bix , Demetrius M Maraganore

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引用次数: 0

摘要

随着全球人口持续老龄化，认知能力下降已成为人们关注的一个主要领域。可改变的生活方式因素，如饮食，与大脑衰老的轨迹有关。西方饮食（WD）等饮食模式与认知能力下降有关，而地中海饮食（MeDi）则促进健康的大脑衰老。目的比较中西医结合对中年大鼠肠道菌群和认知健康的影响。我们的假设是，将medii引入中年大鼠时，会保持认知健康，并产生与WD不同的肠道微生物群组成。方法选取12月龄雄性fisher 344大鼠，随机分为3组（n = 10/组）。12周后，收集粪便样本进行16S rRNA基因测序以评估微生物组成。动物完成了以下神经行为评估，包括y形迷宫、Morris水迷宫和径向臂水迷宫。在研究结束时，分析海马中与屏障完整性、胶质细胞活性和神经可塑性相关的基因和蛋白表达。结果与WD大鼠相比，MeDi大鼠的认知功能有趋势差异。大鼠表现出不同的饮食依赖微生物表型，有28种不同数量的细菌，包括蓝梭菌、梭菌UCG-014、无芽梭菌组、粪杆菌和双歧杆菌。这伴随着海马胶质细胞活性基因表达的变化，包括胶质纤维酸性蛋白、离子钙结合蛋白和髓细胞上的触发受体表达2。短期饮食干预维持了血脑屏障的完整性和神经可塑性。结论可能需要更长的饮食时间才能引起由微生物群和神经生物学变化驱动的认知功能的显著差异。该研究强调，中年引入的短期饮食对认知能力有趋势影响，但对肠道微生物群组成和大脑健康生物标志物的基因表达有显著影响。

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Comparing Mediterranean and Western Diets: Cognitive and Microbiota Effects in Middle-Aged Rats

Background

As the global population continues to age, cognitive decline has emerged as a major area of concern. Modifiable lifestyle factors, such as diet, have been associated with the trajectory of brain aging. Dietary patterns such as the Western diet (WD) have been linked to cognitive decline, whereas a Mediterranean diet (MeDi) promotes healthy brain aging.

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the effects of MeDi and WD on gut microbiota and cognitive health in middle-aged rats. Our hypothesis was that the MeDi, when introduced to middle-aged rats, would maintain cognitive health and produce a distinct gut microbiota composition relative to a WD.

Methods

Twelve-month-old male Fischer344 rats were randomly assigned to MeDi, WD, or chow (n = 10/group). After 12 wk, fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess microbial composition. Animals completed the following neurobehavioral assessments, including Y-maze, Morris Water Maze, and Radial Arm Water Maze. At the end of the study, the hippocampus was analyzed for gene and protein expression related to barrier integrity, glial cell activity, and neuroplasticity.

Results

There were trending differences in cognitive function in MeDi rats relative to WD rats. Rats exhibited distinct diet-dependent microbial phenotypes with 28 differentially abundant bacteria, including Blautia, Clostridia UCG-014, Clostridium innocuum group, Faecalibacterium, and Bifidobacterium. This was accompanied by changes in hippocampal gene expression of glial cell activity, including glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium binding protein, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2. Blood–brain barrier integrity and neuroplasticity were maintained during the short-term dietary intervention.

Conclusions

A longer diet duration may be needed to elicit robust differences in cognitive function driven by the changes in microbiota and neurobiology. This study highlights that a short-term diet introduced in middle age has trending effects on cognitive performance but significantly impacts gut microbiota composition and gene expression of biomarkers of brain health.

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