Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems: A promising approach for the treatment of liver fibrosis

Liver fibrosis is the predominant pathological feature of chronic liver diseases, affecting the well-being of millions around the world. If not detected and intervened on time during the early stage, liver fibrosis can advance to cirrhosis, hepatic insufficiency, and finally hepatocellular carcinoma, thereby endangering human health seriously. Current pharmacotherapies for liver fibrosis have several limitations, such as a lack of sufficient therapeutic efficacy and the presence of adverse side effects. In light of these challenges, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) as drug delivery systems for liver fibrosis has gained significant traction, owing to their inherent characteristics, including safety, stability, controlled release, and targeted delivery. Compared to conventional dosage forms, nanomedicines exhibit distinct advantages, including enhanced bioavailability and targeted delivery of drugs. The employment of NP systems has quickly gained prominence as a viable strategy for the secure delivery of hepatoprotective nucleic acids and drugs in treating liver fibrosis. This comprehensive review examines the primary categories of NPs and elucidates the targeted mechanisms underlying NP-mediated drug delivery systems specifically designed for addressing liver fibrosis.