[Update on IgA vasculitis with a focus on diagnosis and prognosis in pediatrics].

IgA vasculitis is the most common vasculitis in childhood, and its main feature is leukocytoclastic vasculitis, in which the capillaries are affected by the deposit of IgA immune complexes. Skin rash is the principal clinical manifestation, along with arthralgia or arthritis, digestive and renal tract involvement, and is often self-limiting. Although it occurs at any age, it prefers children between 3 and 12 years. It is common to identify a trigger, the most frequently associated with infection, with reports of up to 31% along respiratory tract infections, followed by gastrointestinal infections at 5%. Dermatological manifestations are the characteristic element of the disease; 100% of patients have purpura at some point; however, renal involvement determines the prognosis of these patients. The diagnosis is clinical, supported by laboratory and cabinet assistants and classification criteria; however, since the prognosis is mainly conditioned by renal involvement, having simple and safe alternatives, adequate follow-up, evaluation of the efficacy of the treatment, and the prognosis of the disease are some of the main objectives of biomarkers. Initial treatment consists of general measures, but in the case of gastrointestinal, renal, or other target organ involvement, such as testicles, therapy with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants is necessary. Since the end of the last century, it has been recognized that not all patients with IgA vasculitis had a benign outcome; however, recent data supports a deleterious outcome both in patients with nephritis and in pregnancy.