自然视觉的计算元素。

IF 2.3 4区 心理学 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY
Constantin A Rothkopf, Mary M Hayhoe
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引用次数: 0

摘要

最终,人类的行为需要在自然的日常任务的背景下被理解。在过去的二十年里,对自然视觉引导行为的大量观察已经积累起来。这些观察结果有助于定义在各种任务中对视觉系统的功能要求,但由于自然行为的多样性和缺乏统一的理论结构来指导对潜在过程的理解,进展受到限制。在本文中,我们总结了一些最近的尝试,这些尝试可能为更正式的方法提供模板。这是可能的,因为很明显,自然行为有许多反映潜在感觉运动决定的规律。我们首先总结了这些规律,然后展示了简单的视觉引导行为是如何被部分可观察的马尔可夫决策过程很好地描述的。我们给出了一些例子,说明如何设计实验室实验来引出自然行为的共同元素,以及这些实验如何控制任务的统计结构,从而允许正式建模。最后,我们建议使用最近引入的逆模型的新途径可能会引领前进的道路,因为它恢复了人类感知、认知和行动的内在属性,这些属性在自然行为中交织在一起。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Computational elements of natural vision.

Ultimately, human behavior needs to be understood in the context of natural everyday tasks. Over the last two decades, a number of observations of natural visually guided behavior have accumulated. These observations help define the functional demands placed on the visual system in a variety of tasks, but progress has been limited by the diversity of natural behavior and by the lack of unified theoretical structures to guide understanding of the underlying processes. In this article, we summarize some recent attempts that might provide a template for a more formal approach. This is possible because it has become clear that natural behavior has many regularities reflecting the underlying sensorimotor decisions. We first summarize these regularities and then show how simple visually guided behaviors can be well described by partially observable Markov decision processes. We give examples of how laboratory experiments can be designed to elicit the common elements of natural behavior and how such experiments afford control of the statistical structure of tasks, thereby allowing formal modeling. Finally, we suggest that a new exciting avenue using recently introduced inverse models may lead the way forward, as it recovers the intrinsic properties of human perception, cognition, and action, which are intertwined in natural behavior.

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来源期刊
Journal of Vision
Journal of Vision 医学-眼科学
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
5.60%
发文量
218
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: Exploring all aspects of biological visual function, including spatial vision, perception, low vision, color vision and more, spanning the fields of neuroscience, psychology and psychophysics.
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