{"title":"热循环对纳米改性玻璃离子水泥的抗菌活性、接触角、表面粗糙度和显微硬度的影响:体外分析。","authors":"Shreejha Vasudevan, Jessy Paulraj, Subhabrata Maiti","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3179","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The long-term stability and performance of nanomodified glass ionomer cement under conditions mimicking the oral environment must be studied.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study is to assess the effects of thermocycling on antimicrobial activity, contact angle, surface roughness, and microhardness of nanomodified glass ionomer cement.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Chitosan, titanium, zirconia, and hydroxyapatite (Ch-Ti-Zr-HA) nanoparticles were synthesized and combined through a one-pot method to create a single product. This product was subsequently incorporated into glass ionomer powder, and disc-shaped modified GIC specimens were fabricated in concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 10%, designated as group I, group II, and group III, respectively. Group IV served as the control, consisting of conventional glass ionomer cement. Characterization was performed. Each group was evaluated for antimicrobial activity and physical characteristics such as wettability, surface roughness, and microhardness before and after thermocycling. The specimens were thermocycled at 55°C, with a dwell time of 15 seconds for 30,000 cycles. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using an unpaired t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Enhanced antimicrobial activity was observed in 5% Ch-Ti-Zr-HA nanomodified GIC against both <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (S. mutans) and <i>Lactobacillus</i>, demonstrating improved performance with better wettability and least roughness without compromising material hardness (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ch-Ti-Zr-HA nanomodified GIC has strong antimicrobial efficacy, enhanced wettability, decreased surface roughness, and improved microhardness even after artificial aging (thermocycling). These findings indicate improved surface characteristics, which can minimize microbial adhesion and contribute to a durable dental restorative material.</p><p><strong>How to cite this article: </strong>Vasudevan S, Paulraj J, Maiti S. Effects of Thermocycling on Antimicrobial Activity, Contact Angle, Surface Roughness, and Microhardness of Nanomodified Glass Ionomer Cement: An <i>In Vitro</i> Analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(6):724-732.</p>","PeriodicalId":36045,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry","volume":"18 6","pages":"724-732"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486478/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effects of Thermocycling on Antimicrobial Activity, Contact Angle, Surface Roughness, and Microhardness of Nanomodified Glass Ionomer Cement: An <i>In Vitro</i> Analysis.\",\"authors\":\"Shreejha Vasudevan, Jessy Paulraj, Subhabrata Maiti\",\"doi\":\"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3179\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The long-term stability and performance of nanomodified glass ionomer cement under conditions mimicking the oral environment must be studied.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study is to assess the effects of thermocycling on antimicrobial activity, contact angle, surface roughness, and microhardness of nanomodified glass ionomer cement.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Chitosan, titanium, zirconia, and hydroxyapatite (Ch-Ti-Zr-HA) nanoparticles were synthesized and combined through a one-pot method to create a single product. This product was subsequently incorporated into glass ionomer powder, and disc-shaped modified GIC specimens were fabricated in concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 10%, designated as group I, group II, and group III, respectively. Group IV served as the control, consisting of conventional glass ionomer cement. Characterization was performed. Each group was evaluated for antimicrobial activity and physical characteristics such as wettability, surface roughness, and microhardness before and after thermocycling. The specimens were thermocycled at 55°C, with a dwell time of 15 seconds for 30,000 cycles. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using an unpaired t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Enhanced antimicrobial activity was observed in 5% Ch-Ti-Zr-HA nanomodified GIC against both <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (S. mutans) and <i>Lactobacillus</i>, demonstrating improved performance with better wettability and least roughness without compromising material hardness (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ch-Ti-Zr-HA nanomodified GIC has strong antimicrobial efficacy, enhanced wettability, decreased surface roughness, and improved microhardness even after artificial aging (thermocycling). These findings indicate improved surface characteristics, which can minimize microbial adhesion and contribute to a durable dental restorative material.</p><p><strong>How to cite this article: </strong>Vasudevan S, Paulraj J, Maiti S. Effects of Thermocycling on Antimicrobial Activity, Contact Angle, Surface Roughness, and Microhardness of Nanomodified Glass Ionomer Cement: An <i>In Vitro</i> Analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(6):724-732.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":36045,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry\",\"volume\":\"18 6\",\"pages\":\"724-732\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486478/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3179\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/8/6 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"Dentistry\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3179","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/8/6 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Dentistry","Score":null,"Total":0}
Effects of Thermocycling on Antimicrobial Activity, Contact Angle, Surface Roughness, and Microhardness of Nanomodified Glass Ionomer Cement: An In Vitro Analysis.
Background: The long-term stability and performance of nanomodified glass ionomer cement under conditions mimicking the oral environment must be studied.
Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the effects of thermocycling on antimicrobial activity, contact angle, surface roughness, and microhardness of nanomodified glass ionomer cement.
Materials and methods: Chitosan, titanium, zirconia, and hydroxyapatite (Ch-Ti-Zr-HA) nanoparticles were synthesized and combined through a one-pot method to create a single product. This product was subsequently incorporated into glass ionomer powder, and disc-shaped modified GIC specimens were fabricated in concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 10%, designated as group I, group II, and group III, respectively. Group IV served as the control, consisting of conventional glass ionomer cement. Characterization was performed. Each group was evaluated for antimicrobial activity and physical characteristics such as wettability, surface roughness, and microhardness before and after thermocycling. The specimens were thermocycled at 55°C, with a dwell time of 15 seconds for 30,000 cycles. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using an unpaired t-test.
Results: Enhanced antimicrobial activity was observed in 5% Ch-Ti-Zr-HA nanomodified GIC against both Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus, demonstrating improved performance with better wettability and least roughness without compromising material hardness (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Ch-Ti-Zr-HA nanomodified GIC has strong antimicrobial efficacy, enhanced wettability, decreased surface roughness, and improved microhardness even after artificial aging (thermocycling). These findings indicate improved surface characteristics, which can minimize microbial adhesion and contribute to a durable dental restorative material.
How to cite this article: Vasudevan S, Paulraj J, Maiti S. Effects of Thermocycling on Antimicrobial Activity, Contact Angle, Surface Roughness, and Microhardness of Nanomodified Glass Ionomer Cement: An In Vitro Analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(6):724-732.