Rafat Sasany, Sultan Merve Uçar, Miguel Gómez-Polo, Marta Revilla-León, Seyed Ali Mosaddad
{"title":"添加法和减法制备的氧化锆暴露于不同的人工唾液配方后的颜色稳定性、表面形貌和相变","authors":"Rafat Sasany, Sultan Merve Uçar, Miguel Gómez-Polo, Marta Revilla-León, Seyed Ali Mosaddad","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.021","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>How variations in salivary chemistry affect the long-term stability of additive manufacturing (AM) and subtractive manufacturing (SM) zirconia is unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different salivary environments on the color stability, surface roughness, and phase transformation of zirconia fabricated by AM and SM.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Disk-shaped specimens (n=160) were fabricated from 4 zirconia materials: 2 AM-AMZ-LI (LithaCon 3Y, produced via lithography-based ceramic manufacturing [LCM]) and AMZ-IN (INNI Cera, produced via digital light processing [DLP])-and 2 SM-SMZ-ST (monolayer Katana ST) and SMZ-ML (multilayer Katana STML). Each material group was divided into 4 subgroups (n=10) based on the aging medium: distilled water (DW), neutral artificial saliva (AS7), acidic artificial saliva (AS4), or enzymatic artificial saliva containing α-amylase (ASE7). Surface roughness (Ra), color change (ΔE₀₀), and phase transformation were assessed. Data were analyzed using a 3-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey HSD or Bonferroni post hoc tests (α=.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ra was significantly affected by material type, aging condition, and fabrication method (all P≤.001), with AMZ-LI and SMZ-ML maintaining the lowest Ra values (<0.60 µm) after aging. Color stability was similarly influenced (P<.001), with all groups remaining within clinically acceptable limits (ΔE₀₀≤1.8). AMZ-LI (0.60 ±0.08 in DW; max=1.26) and SMZ-ML (0.84 ±0.05 in DW; max=1.20) showed the highest color stability, while SMZ-ST and AMZ-IN had higher ΔE₀₀ in acidic and enzymatic media. Phase transformation was more pronounced in SM groups (P<.05), with SMZ-ML showing the greatest monoclinic increase, and AMZ-LI exhibiting the highest phase stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both manufacturing techniques and aging environments significantly affected zirconia's surface, optical, and phase properties. AMZ-LI showed superior resistance to surface and phase degradation, while AMZ-LI and SMZ-ML exhibited the highest optical stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Color stability, surface topography, and phase transformation of zirconia fabricated by additive and subtractive manufacturing after exposure to different artificial saliva formulations.\",\"authors\":\"Rafat Sasany, Sultan Merve Uçar, Miguel Gómez-Polo, Marta Revilla-León, Seyed Ali Mosaddad\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.021\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>How variations in salivary chemistry affect the long-term stability of additive manufacturing (AM) and subtractive manufacturing (SM) zirconia is unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different salivary environments on the color stability, surface roughness, and phase transformation of zirconia fabricated by AM and SM.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Disk-shaped specimens (n=160) were fabricated from 4 zirconia materials: 2 AM-AMZ-LI (LithaCon 3Y, produced via lithography-based ceramic manufacturing [LCM]) and AMZ-IN (INNI Cera, produced via digital light processing [DLP])-and 2 SM-SMZ-ST (monolayer Katana ST) and SMZ-ML (multilayer Katana STML). Each material group was divided into 4 subgroups (n=10) based on the aging medium: distilled water (DW), neutral artificial saliva (AS7), acidic artificial saliva (AS4), or enzymatic artificial saliva containing α-amylase (ASE7). Surface roughness (Ra), color change (ΔE₀₀), and phase transformation were assessed. Data were analyzed using a 3-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey HSD or Bonferroni post hoc tests (α=.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ra was significantly affected by material type, aging condition, and fabrication method (all P≤.001), with AMZ-LI and SMZ-ML maintaining the lowest Ra values (<0.60 µm) after aging. Color stability was similarly influenced (P<.001), with all groups remaining within clinically acceptable limits (ΔE₀₀≤1.8). AMZ-LI (0.60 ±0.08 in DW; max=1.26) and SMZ-ML (0.84 ±0.05 in DW; max=1.20) showed the highest color stability, while SMZ-ST and AMZ-IN had higher ΔE₀₀ in acidic and enzymatic media. Phase transformation was more pronounced in SM groups (P<.05), with SMZ-ML showing the greatest monoclinic increase, and AMZ-LI exhibiting the highest phase stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both manufacturing techniques and aging environments significantly affected zirconia's surface, optical, and phase properties. AMZ-LI showed superior resistance to surface and phase degradation, while AMZ-LI and SMZ-ML exhibited the highest optical stability.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16866,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.021\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.021","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Color stability, surface topography, and phase transformation of zirconia fabricated by additive and subtractive manufacturing after exposure to different artificial saliva formulations.
Statement of problem: How variations in salivary chemistry affect the long-term stability of additive manufacturing (AM) and subtractive manufacturing (SM) zirconia is unclear.
Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different salivary environments on the color stability, surface roughness, and phase transformation of zirconia fabricated by AM and SM.
Material and methods: Disk-shaped specimens (n=160) were fabricated from 4 zirconia materials: 2 AM-AMZ-LI (LithaCon 3Y, produced via lithography-based ceramic manufacturing [LCM]) and AMZ-IN (INNI Cera, produced via digital light processing [DLP])-and 2 SM-SMZ-ST (monolayer Katana ST) and SMZ-ML (multilayer Katana STML). Each material group was divided into 4 subgroups (n=10) based on the aging medium: distilled water (DW), neutral artificial saliva (AS7), acidic artificial saliva (AS4), or enzymatic artificial saliva containing α-amylase (ASE7). Surface roughness (Ra), color change (ΔE₀₀), and phase transformation were assessed. Data were analyzed using a 3-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey HSD or Bonferroni post hoc tests (α=.05).
Results: Ra was significantly affected by material type, aging condition, and fabrication method (all P≤.001), with AMZ-LI and SMZ-ML maintaining the lowest Ra values (<0.60 µm) after aging. Color stability was similarly influenced (P<.001), with all groups remaining within clinically acceptable limits (ΔE₀₀≤1.8). AMZ-LI (0.60 ±0.08 in DW; max=1.26) and SMZ-ML (0.84 ±0.05 in DW; max=1.20) showed the highest color stability, while SMZ-ST and AMZ-IN had higher ΔE₀₀ in acidic and enzymatic media. Phase transformation was more pronounced in SM groups (P<.05), with SMZ-ML showing the greatest monoclinic increase, and AMZ-LI exhibiting the highest phase stability.
Conclusions: Both manufacturing techniques and aging environments significantly affected zirconia's surface, optical, and phase properties. AMZ-LI showed superior resistance to surface and phase degradation, while AMZ-LI and SMZ-ML exhibited the highest optical stability.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry is the leading professional journal devoted exclusively to prosthetic and restorative dentistry. The Journal is the official publication for 24 leading U.S. international prosthodontic organizations. The monthly publication features timely, original peer-reviewed articles on the newest techniques, dental materials, and research findings. The Journal serves prosthodontists and dentists in advanced practice, and features color photos that illustrate many step-by-step procedures. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry is included in Index Medicus and CINAHL.
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