{"title":"北欧步行对老年人认知功能的影响：系统回顾和荟萃分析。","authors":"Haobai Li, Ke Zhu, Jianyu Gan, Ziyi Wang, Zhikun Gao, Liangru Liu, Xiaojie Guo, Jianfeng Niu","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1666449","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Nordic walking (NW), as a specialized form of aerobic exercise, emerges as a promising strategy to improve the cognitive function in older population. However, the effectiveness of NW has yet to be definitively confirmed due to the variances in the study designs and observations. This systematic review and meta-analysis was thus conducted to examine the effect of NW interventions on cognitive function of older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search was conducted in August 2025 on Web of Science, PubMed, SPORT-Discus, Medline, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases. Two reviewers independently reviewed the search results, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias and certainty of evidence. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed to determine the overall effect size and the impact of potential moderators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initial screening identified 336 records, and after full-text assessment, eight studies (from 2014 to 2024) comprising 327 participants (71.19 ± 5.44 yrs) were included. The effect size of NW on executive function was significant [Hedges' <i>g</i> = 0.89, 95% CI (0.27, 1.50), <i>p</i> = 0.01], while the effects were non-significant for global function, memory function, attention, information processing, and perceptual ability (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated that the health conditions of participants and the types of control groups significantly moderated executive function. Specifically, NW showed significant improvements (i) in older adults with health conditions and (ii) compared with inactive control groups (<i>p</i> = 0.04). Meta-regression revealed a significant positive correlation between the total intervention time of NW and its effect size (<i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates that NW interventions could improve executive function in older adults, especially those with health conditions.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42025638467.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1666449"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12484218/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The effects of Nordic walking on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\",\"authors\":\"Haobai Li, Ke Zhu, Jianyu Gan, Ziyi Wang, Zhikun Gao, Liangru Liu, Xiaojie Guo, Jianfeng Niu\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1666449\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Nordic walking (NW), as a specialized form of aerobic exercise, emerges as a promising strategy to improve the cognitive function in older population. However, the effectiveness of NW has yet to be definitively confirmed due to the variances in the study designs and observations. This systematic review and meta-analysis was thus conducted to examine the effect of NW interventions on cognitive function of older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search was conducted in August 2025 on Web of Science, PubMed, SPORT-Discus, Medline, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases. Two reviewers independently reviewed the search results, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias and certainty of evidence. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed to determine the overall effect size and the impact of potential moderators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initial screening identified 336 records, and after full-text assessment, eight studies (from 2014 to 2024) comprising 327 participants (71.19 ± 5.44 yrs) were included. The effect size of NW on executive function was significant [Hedges' <i>g</i> = 0.89, 95% CI (0.27, 1.50), <i>p</i> = 0.01], while the effects were non-significant for global function, memory function, attention, information processing, and perceptual ability (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated that the health conditions of participants and the types of control groups significantly moderated executive function. Specifically, NW showed significant improvements (i) in older adults with health conditions and (ii) compared with inactive control groups (<i>p</i> = 0.04). 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引用次数: 0
摘要
目的：北欧步行（NW）作为一种特殊的有氧运动形式，在改善老年人认知功能方面有很好的前景。然而，由于研究设计和观察的差异，NW的有效性尚未得到明确证实。因此，本系统回顾和荟萃分析是为了检验NW干预对老年人认知功能的影响。方法：检索于2025年8月在Web of Science、PubMed、SPORT-Discus、Medline、Cochrane Library、Scopus和PsycINFO数据库中进行。两名审稿人独立审查了检索结果，提取了数据，并评估了偏倚风险和证据的确定性。进行meta分析和meta回归来确定总体效应大小和潜在调节因子的影响。结果：最初筛选了336条记录，经过全文评估，纳入了8项研究（2014 - 2024年），包括327名参与者（71.19±5.44岁）。NW对执行功能的影响显著[Hedges' g = 0.89, 95% CI (0.27, 1.50), p = 0.01]，而对整体功能、记忆功能、注意、信息加工和知觉能力的影响不显著（p > 0.05）。亚组分析表明，参与者的健康状况和对照组的类型显著调节了执行功能。具体而言，与不运动的对照组相比，NW在(i)有健康状况的老年人和（ii）有显著改善（p = 0.04）。meta回归分析显示，NW的总干预时间与其效应量呈显著正相关（p < 0.01）。结论：本系统综述和荟萃分析表明，NW干预可以改善老年人的执行功能，特别是那些有健康状况的老年人。系统综述注册：https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero，标识符CRD42025638467。
The effects of Nordic walking on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Objectives: Nordic walking (NW), as a specialized form of aerobic exercise, emerges as a promising strategy to improve the cognitive function in older population. However, the effectiveness of NW has yet to be definitively confirmed due to the variances in the study designs and observations. This systematic review and meta-analysis was thus conducted to examine the effect of NW interventions on cognitive function of older adults.
Methods: The search was conducted in August 2025 on Web of Science, PubMed, SPORT-Discus, Medline, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases. Two reviewers independently reviewed the search results, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias and certainty of evidence. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed to determine the overall effect size and the impact of potential moderators.
Results: Initial screening identified 336 records, and after full-text assessment, eight studies (from 2014 to 2024) comprising 327 participants (71.19 ± 5.44 yrs) were included. The effect size of NW on executive function was significant [Hedges' g = 0.89, 95% CI (0.27, 1.50), p = 0.01], while the effects were non-significant for global function, memory function, attention, information processing, and perceptual ability (p > 0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated that the health conditions of participants and the types of control groups significantly moderated executive function. Specifically, NW showed significant improvements (i) in older adults with health conditions and (ii) compared with inactive control groups (p = 0.04). Meta-regression revealed a significant positive correlation between the total intervention time of NW and its effect size (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates that NW interventions could improve executive function in older adults, especially those with health conditions.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience is a leading journal in its field, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research that advances our understanding of the mechanisms of Central Nervous System aging and age-related neural diseases. Specialty Chief Editor Thomas Wisniewski at the New York University School of Medicine is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide.
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