{"title":"不同种子污泥对异养硝化-好氧反硝化（HN-AD）系统去除垃圾渗滤液中氮的影响","authors":"Hassan Ramadan, Bixiao Ji, Zhaoji Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08492-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The outstanding tolerance of the heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) process to elevated salinity and ammonia concentrations makes it a promising option for nitrogen bioremediation in extreme conditions over conventional methods. Previous studies have mainly focused on isolating pure strains and their application for synthetic wastewater treatment; however, their effectiveness in treating complex wastewater such as landfill leachate needs further investigation. Unlike a single strain, using an inoculum containing HN-AD bacteria alongside other denitrifiers could promote symbiotic microbial interactions and reduce organic matter supplementation in organic-deficient environments. This study investigated three continuous-flow reactors, each inoculated with different HN-AD bacteria-containing sludges, for treating landfill leachate with varying biochemical oxygen demand to nitrogen (C/N) ratios. The results revealed that higher C/N ratios enhanced ammonia oxidation and nitrogen removal. The anoxic/oxic reactor inoculated with leachate sludge exhibited the best performance, recording maximum ammonia and nitrogen removal efficiencies of 92.5% and 87%, respectively, at a C/N ratio of 2.30. This sludge showed excellent organic biodegradability and high resistance to organic fluctuations, particularly in environments with low organic content. The coexistence of heterotrophic denitrifiers (<i>Ottowia</i> and <i>Truepera</i>), autotrophic denitrifiers (<i>Moheibacter</i>), and endogenous denitrifiers (<i>Rhodobacteraceae</i> and <i>Rhizobiaceae</i>) together with HN-AD bacteria (<i>Paracoccus</i>, <i>Flavobacterium,</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i>) significantly improved nitrogen removal. Higher C/N favored the abundance of HN-AD bacteria and denitrifiers but immensely suppressed ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). This study provides a thorough understanding of the role of the C/N ratio and inoculated sludge in improving the efficiency of the HN-AD system for landfill leachate treatment.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effect of the C/N Ratio on Heterotrophic Nitrification-Aerobic Denitrification (HN-AD) Systems Inoculated with Different Seed Sludges for Nitrogen Removal from Landfill Leachate\",\"authors\":\"Hassan Ramadan, Bixiao Ji, Zhaoji Zhang\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11270-025-08492-z\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The outstanding tolerance of the heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) process to elevated salinity and ammonia concentrations makes it a promising option for nitrogen bioremediation in extreme conditions over conventional methods. Previous studies have mainly focused on isolating pure strains and their application for synthetic wastewater treatment; however, their effectiveness in treating complex wastewater such as landfill leachate needs further investigation. Unlike a single strain, using an inoculum containing HN-AD bacteria alongside other denitrifiers could promote symbiotic microbial interactions and reduce organic matter supplementation in organic-deficient environments. This study investigated three continuous-flow reactors, each inoculated with different HN-AD bacteria-containing sludges, for treating landfill leachate with varying biochemical oxygen demand to nitrogen (C/N) ratios. The results revealed that higher C/N ratios enhanced ammonia oxidation and nitrogen removal. The anoxic/oxic reactor inoculated with leachate sludge exhibited the best performance, recording maximum ammonia and nitrogen removal efficiencies of 92.5% and 87%, respectively, at a C/N ratio of 2.30. This sludge showed excellent organic biodegradability and high resistance to organic fluctuations, particularly in environments with low organic content. The coexistence of heterotrophic denitrifiers (<i>Ottowia</i> and <i>Truepera</i>), autotrophic denitrifiers (<i>Moheibacter</i>), and endogenous denitrifiers (<i>Rhodobacteraceae</i> and <i>Rhizobiaceae</i>) together with HN-AD bacteria (<i>Paracoccus</i>, <i>Flavobacterium,</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i>) significantly improved nitrogen removal. Higher C/N favored the abundance of HN-AD bacteria and denitrifiers but immensely suppressed ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). This study provides a thorough understanding of the role of the C/N ratio and inoculated sludge in improving the efficiency of the HN-AD system for landfill leachate treatment.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":808,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution\",\"volume\":\"236 13\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"6\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11270-025-08492-z\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","FirstCategoryId":"6","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11270-025-08492-z","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Effect of the C/N Ratio on Heterotrophic Nitrification-Aerobic Denitrification (HN-AD) Systems Inoculated with Different Seed Sludges for Nitrogen Removal from Landfill Leachate
The outstanding tolerance of the heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) process to elevated salinity and ammonia concentrations makes it a promising option for nitrogen bioremediation in extreme conditions over conventional methods. Previous studies have mainly focused on isolating pure strains and their application for synthetic wastewater treatment; however, their effectiveness in treating complex wastewater such as landfill leachate needs further investigation. Unlike a single strain, using an inoculum containing HN-AD bacteria alongside other denitrifiers could promote symbiotic microbial interactions and reduce organic matter supplementation in organic-deficient environments. This study investigated three continuous-flow reactors, each inoculated with different HN-AD bacteria-containing sludges, for treating landfill leachate with varying biochemical oxygen demand to nitrogen (C/N) ratios. The results revealed that higher C/N ratios enhanced ammonia oxidation and nitrogen removal. The anoxic/oxic reactor inoculated with leachate sludge exhibited the best performance, recording maximum ammonia and nitrogen removal efficiencies of 92.5% and 87%, respectively, at a C/N ratio of 2.30. This sludge showed excellent organic biodegradability and high resistance to organic fluctuations, particularly in environments with low organic content. The coexistence of heterotrophic denitrifiers (Ottowia and Truepera), autotrophic denitrifiers (Moheibacter), and endogenous denitrifiers (Rhodobacteraceae and Rhizobiaceae) together with HN-AD bacteria (Paracoccus, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas) significantly improved nitrogen removal. Higher C/N favored the abundance of HN-AD bacteria and denitrifiers but immensely suppressed ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). This study provides a thorough understanding of the role of the C/N ratio and inoculated sludge in improving the efficiency of the HN-AD system for landfill leachate treatment.
期刊介绍：
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments.
Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.
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