Muhammad Faisal Gul, Ummar Iqbal, Muhammad Sharif, Nargis Naz, Farooq Ahmad
{"title":"利用天然指示种蓖麻（Ricinus communis L.）监测公路沿线车辆污染","authors":"Muhammad Faisal Gul, Ummar Iqbal, Muhammad Sharif, Nargis Naz, Farooq Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08588-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid decline of green cover and escalating air pollution have necessitated the identification of pollution-tolerant tree species for sustainable afforestation and urban greening efforts. This study evaluated the bio-indicator potential of <i>Ricinus communis</i> in response to vehicular emissions along two major roads in Punjab, Pakistan: Motorway-5 (Road-1) and Bahawalpur-Rahim Yar Khan Road (Road-2). By analyzing key physiological, biochemical, and anatomical traits, the study aimed to assess the impact of roadside pollutants on plant health and determine its suitability for biomonitoring applications. Elevated concentrations of heavy metals (zinc, iron, lead, cadmium, nickel) and dust particles were detected in leaf samples from roadside plants, particularly at Jalalpur (R-1) and Liaqatpur (R-2), compared to control sites. These pollutants were associated with significant declines in gaseous exchange, water use efficiency, and shoot water potential, with the most pronounced reductions observed at Jalalpur (R-1) and Khanpur (R-2). The observed decrease in photosynthetic pigments, alongside reductions in total soluble proteins, amino acids, and proline content, highlighted severe biochemical stress and impaired metabolic activity under polluted conditions. Anatomical modifications, including reduced midrib, lamina, and vascular bundle thickness, further underscored the structural damage caused by airborne pollutants. The Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) ranged from 9.40 to 3.57, classifying <i>R. communis</i> as a highly sensitive species, with significantly lower APTI values at roadside sites, indicating its vulnerability to vehicular emissions. Despite its sensitivity, <i>R. communis</i> demonstrated effectiveness as a bio-indicator for air quality assessment in pollution-prone regions. These findings emphasized the urgent need for pollution mitigation strategies, including the integration of pollution-tolerant species with dust-absorbing and carbon-sequestering capabilities into urban green spaces. Future research should explore additional biochemical markers to provide a deeper understanding of plant responses to pollution stress and enhance biomonitoring accuracy.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Biomonitoring Vehicular Pollution Using Naturally Occurring Indicator Species Ricinus communis L. 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Elevated concentrations of heavy metals (zinc, iron, lead, cadmium, nickel) and dust particles were detected in leaf samples from roadside plants, particularly at Jalalpur (R-1) and Liaqatpur (R-2), compared to control sites. These pollutants were associated with significant declines in gaseous exchange, water use efficiency, and shoot water potential, with the most pronounced reductions observed at Jalalpur (R-1) and Khanpur (R-2). The observed decrease in photosynthetic pigments, alongside reductions in total soluble proteins, amino acids, and proline content, highlighted severe biochemical stress and impaired metabolic activity under polluted conditions. Anatomical modifications, including reduced midrib, lamina, and vascular bundle thickness, further underscored the structural damage caused by airborne pollutants. The Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) ranged from 9.40 to 3.57, classifying <i>R. communis</i> as a highly sensitive species, with significantly lower APTI values at roadside sites, indicating its vulnerability to vehicular emissions. Despite its sensitivity, <i>R. communis</i> demonstrated effectiveness as a bio-indicator for air quality assessment in pollution-prone regions. These findings emphasized the urgent need for pollution mitigation strategies, including the integration of pollution-tolerant species with dust-absorbing and carbon-sequestering capabilities into urban green spaces. 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Biomonitoring Vehicular Pollution Using Naturally Occurring Indicator Species Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae) Along Roadways
The rapid decline of green cover and escalating air pollution have necessitated the identification of pollution-tolerant tree species for sustainable afforestation and urban greening efforts. This study evaluated the bio-indicator potential of Ricinus communis in response to vehicular emissions along two major roads in Punjab, Pakistan: Motorway-5 (Road-1) and Bahawalpur-Rahim Yar Khan Road (Road-2). By analyzing key physiological, biochemical, and anatomical traits, the study aimed to assess the impact of roadside pollutants on plant health and determine its suitability for biomonitoring applications. Elevated concentrations of heavy metals (zinc, iron, lead, cadmium, nickel) and dust particles were detected in leaf samples from roadside plants, particularly at Jalalpur (R-1) and Liaqatpur (R-2), compared to control sites. These pollutants were associated with significant declines in gaseous exchange, water use efficiency, and shoot water potential, with the most pronounced reductions observed at Jalalpur (R-1) and Khanpur (R-2). The observed decrease in photosynthetic pigments, alongside reductions in total soluble proteins, amino acids, and proline content, highlighted severe biochemical stress and impaired metabolic activity under polluted conditions. Anatomical modifications, including reduced midrib, lamina, and vascular bundle thickness, further underscored the structural damage caused by airborne pollutants. The Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) ranged from 9.40 to 3.57, classifying R. communis as a highly sensitive species, with significantly lower APTI values at roadside sites, indicating its vulnerability to vehicular emissions. Despite its sensitivity, R. communis demonstrated effectiveness as a bio-indicator for air quality assessment in pollution-prone regions. These findings emphasized the urgent need for pollution mitigation strategies, including the integration of pollution-tolerant species with dust-absorbing and carbon-sequestering capabilities into urban green spaces. Future research should explore additional biochemical markers to provide a deeper understanding of plant responses to pollution stress and enhance biomonitoring accuracy.
期刊介绍：
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments.
Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.
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