变化的一个世纪:中欧低地多样性下降比山地草原更严重。

IF 12 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Stefan Widmer,Susanne Riedel,Manuel Babbi,Felix Herzog,Thomas Wohlgemuth,Michael Kessler,Jürgen Dengler
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对人为环境变化引起的生物多样性变化的程度和方向进行定量的长期评估是具有挑战性的,因为超过几十年的代表性基线数据非常罕见。欧洲温带地区的草原也是如此,它们可以在小空间尺度上容纳高度的物种多样性,但经历了强烈而多样的变化,特别是与上世纪中叶达到顶峰的农业集约化有关。我们重新采集了416个0.09 m2的瑞士草原历史植被记录(最初采样时间为1884年至1931年),在较宽的海拔高度(300-2500 m)和湿度水平范围内评估了分类、功能和系统发育多样性的变化,以及群落特征,并测试了变化的幅度是否依赖于海拔。在过去的一个世纪里,我们发现alpha、beta和gamma的分类多样性严重下降,物种丰富度比历史样地平均低26%。功能和系统发育α多样性在重新调查样地也低于历史样地,尽管差异不太明显。所有三个多样性指标的损失都随着海拔的升高而减少。这与低海拔比高海拔地区需要量大、耐刈割和竞争性强的物种,特别是禾本科(禾本科)的增加有关。这种海拔格局反映了土地利用和富营养化的强烈影响,这种影响在低海拔地区更为明显。相比之下,全球变暖对植被的影响迄今为止是次要的。高海拔地区的多样性变化较小,为保持山地草原历史植物多样性的高比例提供了潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
One Century of Change: Stronger Diversity Decline in Lowland Than in Mountain Grasslands in Central Europe.
Quantitative long-term assessments of the extent and direction of biodiversity change due to anthropogenic environmental change are challenging because representative baseline data older than a few decades are very rare. This is also the case for grasslands in temperate Europe, which can harbour high species diversity at small spatial scales, but have undergone strong and varied changes, particularly in relation to the agricultural intensification that peaked in the middle of the last century. We resampled 416 historical vegetation records (originally sampled between 1884 and 1931) of 0.09 m2 from grasslands across Switzerland at a wide range of elevations (300-2500 m) and moisture levels to assess the changes in taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity, as well as community characteristics, and tested whether the magnitude of change depended on elevation. We found severe declines in alpha, beta, and gamma taxonomic diversity over the last century, with species richness being on average 26% lower in the resurvey plots than in the historical plots. Functional and phylogenetic alpha diversity were also lower in the resurvey plots than in the historical plots, although the differences were less pronounced. The loss in all three diversity metrics decreased with elevation. This was linked to stronger increases in nutrient-demanding, mowing-tolerant, and competitive species, particularly grasses (Poaceae), at lower than at higher elevations. This elevational pattern reflects the strong influences of land use and eutrophication, which are more pronounced at lower elevations. By contrast, the effect of global warming on vegetation has so far been subordinate. The smaller diversity changes at higher elevations offer the potential to maintain a high proportion of the historical plant diversity in mountain grasslands.
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来源期刊
Global Change Biology
Global Change Biology 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
21.50
自引率
5.20%
发文量
497
审稿时长
3.3 months
期刊介绍: Global Change Biology is an environmental change journal committed to shaping the future and addressing the world's most pressing challenges, including sustainability, climate change, environmental protection, food and water safety, and global health. Dedicated to fostering a profound understanding of the impacts of global change on biological systems and offering innovative solutions, the journal publishes a diverse range of content, including primary research articles, technical advances, research reviews, reports, opinions, perspectives, commentaries, and letters. Starting with the 2024 volume, Global Change Biology will transition to an online-only format, enhancing accessibility and contributing to the evolution of scholarly communication.
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