Patricia Romero Marco, Holly M English, Barry Nolan, Simone Ciuti, Rachel C Bennett, Vilhelmiina Huuskonen
{"title":"两种固定方案（美托咪定-咪达唑仑和阿法沙酮-咪达唑仑）对城市红狐（Vulpes Vulpes）约束的比较：一项试点研究。","authors":"Patricia Romero Marco, Holly M English, Barry Nolan, Simone Ciuti, Rachel C Bennett, Vilhelmiina Huuskonen","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare two immobilisation protocols for the restraint of urban red foxes: medetomidine-midazolam (MM) and alfaxalone-midazolam (AM).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective, randomised clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Fourteen urban red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) captured in the Dublin metropolitan area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Foxes were randomly assigned to receive either MM [medetomidine 0.07 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, midazolam 0.8 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> intramuscularly (IM)] or AM (alfaxalone 3 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, midazolam 0.8 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> IM). Sedation and recovery were scored. Recovery times and physiological variables [heart rate, respiratory rate (f<sub>R</sub>), oscillometric arterial blood pressure, arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>) and rectal temperature] were measured. Hair and blood samples were collected for cortisol analysis. Sedation was reversed with atipamezole (0.35 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> IM) and/or flumazenil (0.01 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> IM). Recovery ended when foxes walked with coordinated movements. Data were analysed using linear and mixed-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven foxes were given MM and seven AM. Median sedation scores were higher in MM (14.5 versus 12.5; p = 0.048), with shorter reversal times (25 versus 54 minutes; p = 0.009). Heart rate was lower (80 versus 216 beats per minute<sup>-1</sup>; p < 0.001) and mean arterial blood pressure higher (147 versus 110 mmHg; p < 0.001) in MM. SpO<sub>2</sub> was higher in AM (95 versus 91%; p = 0.015). Rectal temperature was higher in MM (38.6 versus 36.5 °C; p < 0.001), with a faster decrease in AM (p = 0.006). f<sub>R</sub> did not differ between groups (p = 0.492) but increased with higher ambient temperature (p = 0.04) and decreased with higher hair cortisol levels (p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Both protocols provided sufficient sedation for intended procedures. MM resulted in higher sedation scores and faster recovery after antagonist administration, while AM provided higher SpO<sub>2</sub> and heart rates and lower rectal temperature values.</p>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Comparison of two immobilisation protocols (medetomidine-midazolam and alfaxalone-midazolam) for restraint of urban red foxes (Vulpes vulpes): A pilot study.\",\"authors\":\"Patricia Romero Marco, Holly M English, Barry Nolan, Simone Ciuti, Rachel C Bennett, Vilhelmiina Huuskonen\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.09.004\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare two immobilisation protocols for the restraint of urban red foxes: medetomidine-midazolam (MM) and alfaxalone-midazolam (AM).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective, randomised clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Fourteen urban red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) captured in the Dublin metropolitan area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Foxes were randomly assigned to receive either MM [medetomidine 0.07 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, midazolam 0.8 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> intramuscularly (IM)] or AM (alfaxalone 3 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, midazolam 0.8 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> IM). Sedation and recovery were scored. Recovery times and physiological variables [heart rate, respiratory rate (f<sub>R</sub>), oscillometric arterial blood pressure, arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>) and rectal temperature] were measured. Hair and blood samples were collected for cortisol analysis. Sedation was reversed with atipamezole (0.35 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> IM) and/or flumazenil (0.01 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> IM). Recovery ended when foxes walked with coordinated movements. Data were analysed using linear and mixed-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven foxes were given MM and seven AM. Median sedation scores were higher in MM (14.5 versus 12.5; p = 0.048), with shorter reversal times (25 versus 54 minutes; p = 0.009). Heart rate was lower (80 versus 216 beats per minute<sup>-1</sup>; p < 0.001) and mean arterial blood pressure higher (147 versus 110 mmHg; p < 0.001) in MM. SpO<sub>2</sub> was higher in AM (95 versus 91%; p = 0.015). Rectal temperature was higher in MM (38.6 versus 36.5 °C; p < 0.001), with a faster decrease in AM (p = 0.006). f<sub>R</sub> did not differ between groups (p = 0.492) but increased with higher ambient temperature (p = 0.04) and decreased with higher hair cortisol levels (p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Both protocols provided sufficient sedation for intended procedures. MM resulted in higher sedation scores and faster recovery after antagonist administration, while AM provided higher SpO<sub>2</sub> and heart rates and lower rectal temperature values.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23626,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-12\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2025.09.004\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"VETERINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2025.09.004","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparison of two immobilisation protocols (medetomidine-midazolam and alfaxalone-midazolam) for restraint of urban red foxes (Vulpes vulpes): A pilot study.
Objective: To compare two immobilisation protocols for the restraint of urban red foxes: medetomidine-midazolam (MM) and alfaxalone-midazolam (AM).
Study design: Prospective, randomised clinical trial.
Animals: Fourteen urban red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) captured in the Dublin metropolitan area.
Methods: Foxes were randomly assigned to receive either MM [medetomidine 0.07 mg kg-1, midazolam 0.8 mg kg-1 intramuscularly (IM)] or AM (alfaxalone 3 mg kg-1, midazolam 0.8 mg kg-1 IM). Sedation and recovery were scored. Recovery times and physiological variables [heart rate, respiratory rate (fR), oscillometric arterial blood pressure, arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) and rectal temperature] were measured. Hair and blood samples were collected for cortisol analysis. Sedation was reversed with atipamezole (0.35 mg kg-1 IM) and/or flumazenil (0.01 mg kg-1 IM). Recovery ended when foxes walked with coordinated movements. Data were analysed using linear and mixed-effects models.
Results: Seven foxes were given MM and seven AM. Median sedation scores were higher in MM (14.5 versus 12.5; p = 0.048), with shorter reversal times (25 versus 54 minutes; p = 0.009). Heart rate was lower (80 versus 216 beats per minute-1; p < 0.001) and mean arterial blood pressure higher (147 versus 110 mmHg; p < 0.001) in MM. SpO2 was higher in AM (95 versus 91%; p = 0.015). Rectal temperature was higher in MM (38.6 versus 36.5 °C; p < 0.001), with a faster decrease in AM (p = 0.006). fR did not differ between groups (p = 0.492) but increased with higher ambient temperature (p = 0.04) and decreased with higher hair cortisol levels (p = 0.02).
Conclusions and clinical relevance: Both protocols provided sufficient sedation for intended procedures. MM resulted in higher sedation scores and faster recovery after antagonist administration, while AM provided higher SpO2 and heart rates and lower rectal temperature values.
期刊介绍：
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia is the official journal of the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists, the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia and the European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. Its purpose is the publication of original, peer reviewed articles covering all branches of anaesthesia and the relief of pain in animals. Articles concerned with the following subjects related to anaesthesia and analgesia are also welcome:
the basic sciences;
pathophysiology of disease as it relates to anaesthetic management
equipment
intensive care
chemical restraint of animals including laboratory animals, wildlife and exotic animals
welfare issues associated with pain and distress
education in veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
Review articles, special articles, and historical notes will also be published, along with editorials, case reports in the form of letters to the editor, and book reviews. There is also an active correspondence section.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
