Xinchen Wang, Zheng Chang, Yasmina Molero, Kayoko Isomura, Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, Paul Lichtenstein, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Brian M D'Onofrio, Patrick D Quinn, Henrik Larsson, Isabell Brikell, Clara Hellner, Jan Hasselström, Nitya Jayaram-Lindström, David Mataix-Cols, Anna Sidorchuk
{"title":"苯二氮卓类药物和z类药物的意外使用以及随后的酒精和药物相关问题的风险：一项全国匹配的双胎比较队列研究","authors":"Xinchen Wang, Zheng Chang, Yasmina Molero, Kayoko Isomura, Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, Paul Lichtenstein, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Brian M D'Onofrio, Patrick D Quinn, Henrik Larsson, Isabell Brikell, Clara Hellner, Jan Hasselström, Nitya Jayaram-Lindström, David Mataix-Cols, Anna Sidorchuk","doi":"10.1177/02698811251373069","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite considerable interest in the consequences of benzodiazepine and benzodiazepine-related Z-drug (BZDR) use, little is known about whether and how initiation of BZDR treatment relates to the development of alcohol- and drug-related problems.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to examine the association of incident BZDR dispensing with subsequent alcohol- and drug-related problems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide register-based study included demographically matched and co-twin control cohorts. Among all Swedish residents aged older than 10 years and BZDR-naïve by 2007, 960,430 BZDR-recipients with incident dispensation in 2007-2019 and without any recorded pre-existing substance-related conditions were identified and matched (1:1) to non-recipients from the general population. Twin BZDR-recipients (<i>n</i> = 12,048) were linked to 12,579 unexposed co-twins. Outcomes included alcohol and drug use disorders, poisoning, deaths, and related suspected criminal offences. Flexible parametric survival models estimated outcome risks across up to 14 years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the demographically matched cohort (60% women, median age at BZDR initiation 51 years), incidence rates in BZDR-recipients and non-recipients (per 1000 person-years) were 5.60 versus 2.79 for alcohol-related and 4.15 versus 1.23 for drug-related problems, respectively. In fully adjusted models, relative risks were increased for alcohol- and drug-related problems (adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.56 (1.53-1.59) and 2.11 (2.05-2.17), respectively). The risks persisted within the co-twin comparison, different follow-ups, and all additional sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BZDR initiation was associated with a small but robust increase in absolute and relative risks of developing alcohol- and drug-related problems. The findings contribute to evidence base for making decisions on BZDR treatment initiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811251373069"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Incident benzodiazepine and Z-drug use and subsequent risk of alcohol- and drug-related problems: A nationwide matched cohort study with co-twin comparison.\",\"authors\":\"Xinchen Wang, Zheng Chang, Yasmina Molero, Kayoko Isomura, Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, Paul Lichtenstein, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Brian M D'Onofrio, Patrick D Quinn, Henrik Larsson, Isabell Brikell, Clara Hellner, Jan Hasselström, Nitya Jayaram-Lindström, David Mataix-Cols, Anna Sidorchuk\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/02698811251373069\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite considerable interest in the consequences of benzodiazepine and benzodiazepine-related Z-drug (BZDR) use, little is known about whether and how initiation of BZDR treatment relates to the development of alcohol- and drug-related problems.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to examine the association of incident BZDR dispensing with subsequent alcohol- and drug-related problems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide register-based study included demographically matched and co-twin control cohorts. Among all Swedish residents aged older than 10 years and BZDR-naïve by 2007, 960,430 BZDR-recipients with incident dispensation in 2007-2019 and without any recorded pre-existing substance-related conditions were identified and matched (1:1) to non-recipients from the general population. Twin BZDR-recipients (<i>n</i> = 12,048) were linked to 12,579 unexposed co-twins. Outcomes included alcohol and drug use disorders, poisoning, deaths, and related suspected criminal offences. Flexible parametric survival models estimated outcome risks across up to 14 years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the demographically matched cohort (60% women, median age at BZDR initiation 51 years), incidence rates in BZDR-recipients and non-recipients (per 1000 person-years) were 5.60 versus 2.79 for alcohol-related and 4.15 versus 1.23 for drug-related problems, respectively. In fully adjusted models, relative risks were increased for alcohol- and drug-related problems (adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.56 (1.53-1.59) and 2.11 (2.05-2.17), respectively). The risks persisted within the co-twin comparison, different follow-ups, and all additional sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BZDR initiation was associated with a small but robust increase in absolute and relative risks of developing alcohol- and drug-related problems. The findings contribute to evidence base for making decisions on BZDR treatment initiation.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16892,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"2698811251373069\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251373069\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251373069","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Incident benzodiazepine and Z-drug use and subsequent risk of alcohol- and drug-related problems: A nationwide matched cohort study with co-twin comparison.
Background: Despite considerable interest in the consequences of benzodiazepine and benzodiazepine-related Z-drug (BZDR) use, little is known about whether and how initiation of BZDR treatment relates to the development of alcohol- and drug-related problems.
Aims: This study aimed to examine the association of incident BZDR dispensing with subsequent alcohol- and drug-related problems.
Methods: This nationwide register-based study included demographically matched and co-twin control cohorts. Among all Swedish residents aged older than 10 years and BZDR-naïve by 2007, 960,430 BZDR-recipients with incident dispensation in 2007-2019 and without any recorded pre-existing substance-related conditions were identified and matched (1:1) to non-recipients from the general population. Twin BZDR-recipients (n = 12,048) were linked to 12,579 unexposed co-twins. Outcomes included alcohol and drug use disorders, poisoning, deaths, and related suspected criminal offences. Flexible parametric survival models estimated outcome risks across up to 14 years of follow-up.
Results: In the demographically matched cohort (60% women, median age at BZDR initiation 51 years), incidence rates in BZDR-recipients and non-recipients (per 1000 person-years) were 5.60 versus 2.79 for alcohol-related and 4.15 versus 1.23 for drug-related problems, respectively. In fully adjusted models, relative risks were increased for alcohol- and drug-related problems (adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.56 (1.53-1.59) and 2.11 (2.05-2.17), respectively). The risks persisted within the co-twin comparison, different follow-ups, and all additional sensitivity analyses.
Conclusions: BZDR initiation was associated with a small but robust increase in absolute and relative risks of developing alcohol- and drug-related problems. The findings contribute to evidence base for making decisions on BZDR treatment initiation.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Psychopharmacology is a fully peer-reviewed, international journal that publishes original research and review articles on preclinical and clinical aspects of psychopharmacology. The journal provides an essential forum for researchers and practicing clinicians on the effects of drugs on animal and human behavior, and the mechanisms underlying these effects. The Journal of Psychopharmacology is truly international in scope and readership.
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