Ervin Shan Khai Tiu , Shi Hong Wong , Sudharshan N. Raman , Daniel Kong , Massoud Sofi , Guoqing Geng
{"title":"评估含煤底灰胶凝复合材料的环境风险和毒性:一个层次分析框架","authors":"Ervin Shan Khai Tiu , Shi Hong Wong , Sudharshan N. Raman , Daniel Kong , Massoud Sofi , Guoqing Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143816","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable practices increasingly explore the valorization of industrial by-products, while addressing potential toxicity implications associated with the practice. Coal bottom ash (CBA), a coal combustion by-product, is gaining attention for use in cementitious composites, though concerns remain regarding its long-term environmental safety. This study presents a hierarchical toxicity analysis using the Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) to assess the leaching behavior across raw CBA, coal fly ash (CFA), optimized ground CBA, and two cementitious paste variations incorporating optimized ground CBA. Physico-chemical characterization was conducted through ICP-MS, quantifying eleven trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, Zn). In comparison, CFA exhibited higher leaching of non-compliant elements (As, Cr, Mn, Se) compared to CBA (exceeding limits only for Mn). While grinding increased Mn and Ni leachability in optimized ground CBA, their integration into cementitious binder systems significantly reduced overall trace element concentrations. Minor Ba leaching was observed. These findings demonstrate that optimized ground CBA is viable for incorporation into cementitious pastes, as evidenced by the consistently low trace element concentrations in the leachates. Overall leachability across all assessed trace elements remained minimal, with a maximum of only 1.13 %, highlighting the environmental safety of the investigated material. These outcomes support the potential transformation of CBA from waste into a viable resource, aligning with sustainable practices and public health considerations. This study provides critical insights to guide more informed scientific decision-making among stakeholders in the cement and concrete sectors, as well as policymakers, particularly in sustainable waste management and resource recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"497 ","pages":"Article 143816"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Assessing the environmental risk and toxicity of cementitious composites incorporating coal bottom ash: A hierarchical analysis framework\",\"authors\":\"Ervin Shan Khai Tiu , Shi Hong Wong , Sudharshan N. Raman , Daniel Kong , Massoud Sofi , Guoqing Geng\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143816\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Sustainable practices increasingly explore the valorization of industrial by-products, while addressing potential toxicity implications associated with the practice. Coal bottom ash (CBA), a coal combustion by-product, is gaining attention for use in cementitious composites, though concerns remain regarding its long-term environmental safety. This study presents a hierarchical toxicity analysis using the Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) to assess the leaching behavior across raw CBA, coal fly ash (CFA), optimized ground CBA, and two cementitious paste variations incorporating optimized ground CBA. Physico-chemical characterization was conducted through ICP-MS, quantifying eleven trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, Zn). In comparison, CFA exhibited higher leaching of non-compliant elements (As, Cr, Mn, Se) compared to CBA (exceeding limits only for Mn). While grinding increased Mn and Ni leachability in optimized ground CBA, their integration into cementitious binder systems significantly reduced overall trace element concentrations. Minor Ba leaching was observed. These findings demonstrate that optimized ground CBA is viable for incorporation into cementitious pastes, as evidenced by the consistently low trace element concentrations in the leachates. Overall leachability across all assessed trace elements remained minimal, with a maximum of only 1.13 %, highlighting the environmental safety of the investigated material. These outcomes support the potential transformation of CBA from waste into a viable resource, aligning with sustainable practices and public health considerations. This study provides critical insights to guide more informed scientific decision-making among stakeholders in the cement and concrete sectors, as well as policymakers, particularly in sustainable waste management and resource recovery.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":288,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Construction and Building Materials\",\"volume\":\"497 \",\"pages\":\"Article 143816\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":8.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Construction and Building Materials\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061825039674\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Construction and Building Materials","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061825039674","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Assessing the environmental risk and toxicity of cementitious composites incorporating coal bottom ash: A hierarchical analysis framework
Sustainable practices increasingly explore the valorization of industrial by-products, while addressing potential toxicity implications associated with the practice. Coal bottom ash (CBA), a coal combustion by-product, is gaining attention for use in cementitious composites, though concerns remain regarding its long-term environmental safety. This study presents a hierarchical toxicity analysis using the Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) to assess the leaching behavior across raw CBA, coal fly ash (CFA), optimized ground CBA, and two cementitious paste variations incorporating optimized ground CBA. Physico-chemical characterization was conducted through ICP-MS, quantifying eleven trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, Zn). In comparison, CFA exhibited higher leaching of non-compliant elements (As, Cr, Mn, Se) compared to CBA (exceeding limits only for Mn). While grinding increased Mn and Ni leachability in optimized ground CBA, their integration into cementitious binder systems significantly reduced overall trace element concentrations. Minor Ba leaching was observed. These findings demonstrate that optimized ground CBA is viable for incorporation into cementitious pastes, as evidenced by the consistently low trace element concentrations in the leachates. Overall leachability across all assessed trace elements remained minimal, with a maximum of only 1.13 %, highlighting the environmental safety of the investigated material. These outcomes support the potential transformation of CBA from waste into a viable resource, aligning with sustainable practices and public health considerations. This study provides critical insights to guide more informed scientific decision-making among stakeholders in the cement and concrete sectors, as well as policymakers, particularly in sustainable waste management and resource recovery.
期刊介绍:
Construction and Building Materials offers an international platform for sharing innovative and original research and development in the realm of construction and building materials, along with their practical applications in new projects and repair practices. The journal publishes a diverse array of pioneering research and application papers, detailing laboratory investigations and, to a limited extent, numerical analyses or reports on full-scale projects. Multi-part papers are discouraged.
Additionally, Construction and Building Materials features comprehensive case studies and insightful review articles that contribute to new insights in the field. Our focus is on papers related to construction materials, excluding those on structural engineering, geotechnics, and unbound highway layers. Covered materials and technologies encompass cement, concrete reinforcement, bricks and mortars, additives, corrosion technology, ceramics, timber, steel, polymers, glass fibers, recycled materials, bamboo, rammed earth, non-conventional building materials, bituminous materials, and applications in railway materials.