Sudden death due to aortic dissection: autopsy study (2011–2023)

Introduction

Aortic dissection is a life-threatening cardiovascular condition that can result in sudden death. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and thanatological features of sudden deaths due to aortic dissection.

Results

We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of autopsy-confirmed cases over a 12-year period (2011–2023). Aortic dissection accounted for 3.28 % of all sudden deaths. The mean age of the deceased was 54.7 years (range: 19–82 years), with a male predominance (sex ratio M/F = 9). Hypertension was identified in 37.5 % of cases, and Marfan syndrome in 10 %, all in individuals under 40 years of age. Chest pain was reported in 25 % of cases, while discomfort was the most frequent symptom (30 %). The ascending aorta was involved in 60 % of cases. Cardiac tamponade was the most common cause of death (62.5 %), mainly related to type A dissections (92 %). The events occurred predominantly in the morning. In 48 % of cases, individuals were found deceased at home.

Conclusion

Sudden death due to aortic dissection occurs most often without prior diagnosis and affects a relatively young, predominantly male population. Autopsy findings provide crucial data to improve early detection and emergency management of this fatal condition.