Effect of Carbon Dioxide as an Oxidizing Agent on Carbon Removal and Chromium Preservation in Stainless-Steel Smelting

Excessive carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions have become a global concern, particularly within the industrial sector, where the iron and steel industry is a significant contributor. To address this challenge, this study explores the potential of utilizing CO₂ as an oxidizing agent in stainless steel smelting, with a specific focus on its impact on decarburization and chromium (Cr) preservation. This research uncovers key insights through a comprehensive approach, combining theoretical analysis and experimental validation. Notably, CO₂ injection demonstrates the potential to significantly enhance decarburization rates by ≈19–30%, offering promising prospects for improved stainless steel production efficiency and reduced carbon emissions. Moreover, the study reveals the influence of initial carbon (C) content on decarburization kinetics and the beneficial effect of CO₂ injection in preserving Cr, which can contribute to maintaining the quality and cost-effectiveness of stainless steel production. While temperature variations exhibit limited impacts on reaction rates, precise temperature control remains essential for optimizing stainless steel smelting processes. This research sheds light on the promising benefits of CO₂ injection in stainless steel smelting, supporting the development of sustainable and low-carbon production methods.