Cultivating Success: The Role of Institutions, Policies and Investments in Driving Rural Transformation in Australia

Australiaʼs agricultural sector has experienced a remarkable resurgence in economic growth since the late 1970s, effectively reversing decades of stagnation following World War II. At the heart of this resurgence lies the pivotal role of agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) growth, which has been 1.4% a year accounting for more than two-thirds of the growth in agricultural output. Crucially, government interventions, encompassing a range of institutions, policies, and investments (IPIs), have significantly contributed to this transformation process. These IPIs include deregulation, substantial investments in research and development, and effective water management. This paper reviews agricultural development in Australia since the 1950s and the profound role of IPIs on agricultural TFP. By drawing valuable insights from the Australian experience, we shed light on the pivotal role that governments can play in fostering agricultural GDP growth, sustainability, and resilience within an ever-evolving global landscape.