{"title":"反向钙钛矿太阳能电池中PCBM二聚体形成的抑制。","authors":"Zheng Liang,Huifen Xu,Zhenda Huang,Xia Lei,Jiajiu Ye,Yong Zhang,Peide Zhu,Boyuan Liu,Wenjing Chen,Xue Wang,Yaru Li,Yunxiao Liao,Shirui Weng,Yuli Tao,Yalan Zhang,Hui Zhang,Feng Chen,Jie Zeng,Xiangbin Cai,Sang-Uk Lee,Jiufeng Dong,Wanting Liu,Hongmin Zhou,Hongzhen Lin,Liangbao Yang,Guoning Xu,Yong Ding,Jiang Sheng,Jingbai Li,Shangfeng Yang,Baomin Xu,Zhengguo Xiao,Thomas Kirchartz,Xu Pan,Nam-Gyu Park","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02368-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Achieving a well-controlled electron-selective layer is critical for the device scalability and performance of perovskite solar cells. While phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is a promising electron-selective material in inverted perovskite solar cells, its dimerization under environmental stress accelerates the material degradation and complicates producing high-quality PCBM layers, thereby compromising device long-term operational stability and scale-up fabrication. Here we investigated the PCBM molecular stacking on perovskite surfaces, finding that the variability in perovskite surface termination leads to orientation and distribution heterogeneity of the PCBM layer, resulting in undesirable dimerization. To address this, we developed a molecular dopant for suppressing PCBM dimer formation, achieving a certified efficiency of 26.4% in laboratory-scale devices and 25.3% in 1 cm2 devices. Furthermore, these devices maintained 93% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 1,500 h of ageing at 85 °C following the ISOS L-2I protocol.","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Suppression of PCBM dimer formation in inverted perovskite solar cells.\",\"authors\":\"Zheng Liang,Huifen Xu,Zhenda Huang,Xia Lei,Jiajiu Ye,Yong Zhang,Peide Zhu,Boyuan Liu,Wenjing Chen,Xue Wang,Yaru Li,Yunxiao Liao,Shirui Weng,Yuli Tao,Yalan Zhang,Hui Zhang,Feng Chen,Jie Zeng,Xiangbin Cai,Sang-Uk Lee,Jiufeng Dong,Wanting Liu,Hongmin Zhou,Hongzhen Lin,Liangbao Yang,Guoning Xu,Yong Ding,Jiang Sheng,Jingbai Li,Shangfeng Yang,Baomin Xu,Zhengguo Xiao,Thomas Kirchartz,Xu Pan,Nam-Gyu Park\",\"doi\":\"10.1038/s41563-025-02368-7\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Achieving a well-controlled electron-selective layer is critical for the device scalability and performance of perovskite solar cells. While phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is a promising electron-selective material in inverted perovskite solar cells, its dimerization under environmental stress accelerates the material degradation and complicates producing high-quality PCBM layers, thereby compromising device long-term operational stability and scale-up fabrication. Here we investigated the PCBM molecular stacking on perovskite surfaces, finding that the variability in perovskite surface termination leads to orientation and distribution heterogeneity of the PCBM layer, resulting in undesirable dimerization. To address this, we developed a molecular dopant for suppressing PCBM dimer formation, achieving a certified efficiency of 26.4% in laboratory-scale devices and 25.3% in 1 cm2 devices. Furthermore, these devices maintained 93% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 1,500 h of ageing at 85 °C following the ISOS L-2I protocol.\",\"PeriodicalId\":19058,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Nature Materials\",\"volume\":\"99 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":38.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Nature Materials\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02368-7\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nature Materials","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02368-7","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Suppression of PCBM dimer formation in inverted perovskite solar cells.
Achieving a well-controlled electron-selective layer is critical for the device scalability and performance of perovskite solar cells. While phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is a promising electron-selective material in inverted perovskite solar cells, its dimerization under environmental stress accelerates the material degradation and complicates producing high-quality PCBM layers, thereby compromising device long-term operational stability and scale-up fabrication. Here we investigated the PCBM molecular stacking on perovskite surfaces, finding that the variability in perovskite surface termination leads to orientation and distribution heterogeneity of the PCBM layer, resulting in undesirable dimerization. To address this, we developed a molecular dopant for suppressing PCBM dimer formation, achieving a certified efficiency of 26.4% in laboratory-scale devices and 25.3% in 1 cm2 devices. Furthermore, these devices maintained 93% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 1,500 h of ageing at 85 °C following the ISOS L-2I protocol.
期刊介绍:
Nature Materials is a monthly multi-disciplinary journal aimed at bringing together cutting-edge research across the entire spectrum of materials science and engineering. It covers all applied and fundamental aspects of the synthesis/processing, structure/composition, properties, and performance of materials. The journal recognizes that materials research has an increasing impact on classical disciplines such as physics, chemistry, and biology.
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