Panagiotis Alexandros Drakos, Antonia A Prountzopoulou, Efrossini Totskas, Konstantinos Stamou
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Rectal large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is an exceedingly rare and aggressive neoplasm with a poor prognosis and median survival of 4-16 months. Diagnosis is challenging due to the clinical overlap with classical colorectal adenocarcinoma, and accurate diagnosis is reliant on histological examination via immunohistochemistry (IHC). For the diagnosis of LCNEC, neuroendocrine markers such as Synaptophysin, CD56, chromogranin A and Ki-67 are major determinants of the disease. We present a double case report of two individuals initially assumed diagnosed as rectal adenocarcinoma who were then re-diagnosed with rectal LCNEC via post-surgical IHC. Both patients received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy yet still developed metastatic disease. This report intends to appraise the role of routine early IHC as a critical tool for diagnosis and to guide management planning. Given the rarity and volatility of rectal LCNEC, further research is desperately needed to develop tailored treatment measures and improve patient outcomes.
期刊介绍：
Oxford Medical Case Reports (OMCR) is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal publishing original and educationally valuable case reports that expand the field of medicine. The journal covers all medical specialities including cardiology, rheumatology, nephrology, oncology, neurology, and reproduction, comprising a comprehensive resource for physicians in all fields and at all stages of training. Oxford Medical Case Reports deposits all articles in PubMed Central (PMC). Physicians and researchers can find your work through PubMed , helping you reach the widest possible audience. The journal is also indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection . Oxford Medical Case Reports publishes case reports under the following categories: Allergy Audiovestibular medicine Cardiology and cardiovascular systems Critical care medicine Dermatology Emergency medicine Endocrinology and metabolism Gastroenterology and hepatology Geriatrics and gerontology Haematology Immunology Infectious diseases and tropical medicine Medical disorders in pregnancy Medical ophthalmology Nephrology Neurology Oncology Paediatrics Pain Palliative medicine Pharmacology and pharmacy Psychiatry Radiology, nuclear medicine, and medical imaging Respiratory disorders Rheumatology Sexual and reproductive health Sports Medicine Substance abuse.
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