Gastric adenomyoma in children: A case report.

Background: Gastric adenomyoma (GA) in children is a relatively rare condition, and currently, there is limited knowledge regarding its optimal diagnostic methods and treatment strategies. To improve our understanding GA particularly in children, one case of a 4-month-old boy was reported and existing literature was comprehensively reviewed.

Case summary: A 4-month-old boy was admitted to the hospital with a 2-month history of recurrent vomiting of gastric contents. Ultrasound examination demonstrated that the pyloric canal muscle was 3.2 mm in thickness, 14.6 mm in diameter, and 17.6 mm in length. Pathological finding showed that a mass approximately 2.8 cm × 2 cm × 1.5 cm in size and grayish-white in color was detected. The cystic wall was composed of smooth muscles lined with the gastric mucosal epithelium and a small amount of intestinal epithelium. Scattered glandular epithelium and a small amount of pancreatic tissue were observed in smooth muscle. Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for gastrin, insulin, and smooth muscle actin, confirming the diagnosis of GA. In addition, the Ki-67 proliferation index was low.

Conclusion: We report a case of GA in children, successfully treated with laparoscopic surgery. Ultrasound and computed tomography may be helpful in differential diagnosis when detecting low-density septal lesions biased toward one side. We also review the existing literature data regarding GA in children.