德克萨斯独角草的转座因子与性染色体进化。

IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY
Chathumadavi Ediriweera, Stephen C Weeks
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引用次数: 0

摘要

导言:性染色体通常通过限制性染色体上的抑制重组和转座因子(te)的积累而进化,导致分化并最终变性。蛤虾(Eulimnadia texana)在早期进化阶段具有原性染色体(Z和W),为研究性染色体分化的初始基因组变化提供了独特的机会。此外,这两条性染色体在同质ZZ和WW虾中都有表达,这使得这两条性染色体在纯合子中有规律的表达。方法:对新组装的德克萨斯棘猴ZZ(雄性)基因组和已发表的雌雄同体WW(雌雄同体)基因组进行分析。性别连锁标记被用来鉴定Z染色体。使用物种特异性重复序列库和RepeatMasker对te进行注释。将Z染色体和W染色体分箱,随机化试验比较性染色体间以及性染色体内相应区域间TE的积累情况;后者侧重于Z和w的假定性别决定区域。Kimura基于距离的分析用于估计TE年龄差异。结果:Z染色体相对于常染色体没有明显的TE富集,但DNA转座子富集。W染色体表现出较高的反转录转座子(LTR和LINE)积累。与z染色体相比,只有W染色体的性别决定区显示出显著升高的反转录转座子含量。TE年龄图表明,W染色体上最近爆发了反转录转座子活性。结论:这些发现支持了反转录转座子在非重组区域积累的理论预测,而DNA转座子与重组染色体有关。W染色体的大肠texana显示分化的早期迹象,局部逆转录转座子积聚,而Z仍然autosome-like。本研究强调德州棘豆为理解早期性染色体进化的基因组机制提供了一个有价值的模型。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Transposable elements and sex chromosome evolution in Eulimnadia texana.

Introduction: Sex chromosomes often evolve through suppressed recombination and accumulation of transposable elements (TEs) on the sex-limited chromosome, leading to divergence and eventual degeneration. The clam shrimp Eulimnadia texana possesses proto-sex chromosomes (Z and W) at an early evolutionary stage, providing a unique opportunity to examine the initial genomic changes underlying sex chromosome differentiation. Additionally, both sex chromosomes are expressed in homogametic ZZ and WW shrimp, allowing a regular expression of both sex chromosomes in homozygotes.

Methods: We analyzed newly assembled ZZ (male) and previously published WW (hermaphrodite) genomes of E. texana. Sex-linked markers were mapped to identify the Z chromosome. TEs were annotated using a species-specific repeat library and RepeatMasker. The Z and W chromosomes were divided into bins and randomization tests compared TE accumulation between the sex chromosomes as well as between corresponding regions within these two chromosomes; the latter was focused on the putative sex-determining regions of both the Z and W. Kimura distance-based analyses were used to estimate TE age divergence.

Results: The Z chromosome showed no significant TE enrichment relative to autosomes but was enriched for DNA transposons. The W chromosome exhibited significantly higher retrotransposon (LTR and LINE) accumulation. Only the sex-determining region of the W showed significantly elevated retrotransposon content compared to the Z. TE age landscapes indicated recent bursts of retrotransposon activity on the W.

Conclusion: These findings support theoretical predictions that retrotransposons accumulate in non-recombining regions, while DNA transposons are associated with recombining chromosomes. The W chromosome of E. texana shows early signs of differentiation, with localized retrotransposon buildup, while the Z remains autosome-like. This study highlights E. texana as a valuable model for understanding the genomic mechanisms of early sex chromosome evolution.

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来源期刊
Cytogenetic and Genome Research
Cytogenetic and Genome Research 生物-细胞生物学
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
5.90%
发文量
25
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: During the last decades, ''Cytogenetic and Genome Research'' has been the leading forum for original reports and reviews in human and animal cytogenetics, including molecular, clinical and comparative cytogenetics. In recent years, most of its papers have centered on genome research, including gene cloning and sequencing, gene mapping, gene regulation and expression, cancer genetics, comparative genetics, gene linkage and related areas. The journal also publishes key papers on chromosome aberrations in somatic, meiotic and malignant cells. Its scope has expanded to include studies on invertebrate and plant cytogenetics and genomics. Also featured are the vast majority of the reports of the International Workshops on Human Chromosome Mapping, the reports of international human and animal chromosome nomenclature committees, and proceedings of the American and European cytogenetic conferences and other events. In addition to regular issues, the journal has been publishing since 2002 a series of topical issues on a broad variety of themes from cytogenetic and genome research.
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