Aerosol Printing of Electrochromic Films Based on Nickel- or Tungsten-Doped V2O5

Vanadium(V) oxide films doped with 10 mol % NiO and 10 mol % WO₃ were prepared by aerosol printing. In the case of nickel doping, the film crystallized in the tetragonal β-V₂O₅ modification with strong texturing along the {200} crystallographic plane, while tungsten doping resulted in an X-ray amorphous material. The nickel-doped film consisted of one-dimensional structures, whereas the V₂O₅–10 mol % WO₃ composition formed particles of irregular or nearly spherical shape. The electron work function values indicated high number of defects in the WO₃-containing film. Both samples exhibited anodic electrochromism, with the V₂O₅–10 mol % NiO demonstrating higher optical contrast and coloration efficiency. The results clearly show the influence of dopant nature on the functional properties of the obtained materials and demonstrate the potential of aerosol printing for fabricating electrochromic films.