Improved Mechanical Stability and Proton Conductivity of Reinforced Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs).

As one of the electrochemical systems based on green chemistry, the fuel cell (FC) demonstrates strong sustainability in generating electricity without CO₂ emissions. It operates primarily through the transportation of protons via a proton exchange membrane (PEM). However, the PEM requires high proton conductivity along with chemical and mechanical stability to improve FC performance. To develop PEMs at a low cost, researchers have explored various methods, including adding additives, cross-linking, and synthesizing new chemical structures. Among these methods, the reinforced composite membrane stands out as a promising technology due to its cost-effectiveness, low electrical resistance, and physical stability. However, their properties have not yet been fully summarized and organized in review articles, although reinforced membranes exhibit excellent performance. This article discusses the role and importance of the PEM in FCs and introduces significant characteristics and notable preparation strategies for reinforced composite membranes for enhancing FC performance.