From Exams to Engagement: Evaluating Project-Based Learning in Introductory Biostatistics With R for Public Health Students.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of replacing a traditional midterm exam with a collaborative project-based assessment on student performance and engagement in an introductory graduate-level biostatistics course for public health students using R programming.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study comparing 2 semesters of the same course at a US school of public health. In Fall 2023, students completed traditional midterm and final exams. In Fall 2024, the midterm exam was replaced with a structured project-based assessment, while the final exam format remained unchanged. Student performance was compared using midterm scores, final exam scores, overall course grades, and course evaluations. Additionally, we used the results of a postproject survey that students in the project-based cohort had completed to assess engagement, confidence, and satisfaction.

Results: Students in the project-based cohort (Fall 2024) had significantly higher and more consistent midterm scores (median 94.0 vs 91.1; P = .01) and final exam scores (median 93.7 vs 86.0; P = .03) than the exam-based cohort (Fall 2023). Final course grades were also higher and more consistent in the project- based cohort. Survey responses indicated high student satisfaction, improved confidence in data analysis and R programming, and increased appreciation for real-world applications. Students also identified challenges related to group dynamics and time management.

Conclusion: Replacing a traditional exam with a collaborative project-based assessment in biostatistics significantly improved student performance, engagement, and satisfaction. These findings support project-based learning as a valuable pedagogical strategy in public health education, particularly for developing applied data analysis skills with R.