Ángel Herraiz-Adillo, Viktor H Ahlqvist, Kristofer Hedman, Sara Higueras-Fresnillo, Emil Hagström, Melony Fortuin- de Smidt, Bledar Daka, Cecilia Lenander, Anton Olsson, Daniel Berglind, Carl Johan Östgren, Karin Rådholm, Francisco B Ortega, Pontus Henriksson
{"title":"青春期BMI和身体健康与中年心血管健康的关系：一项以瑞典男性为基础的前瞻性研究","authors":"Ángel Herraiz-Adillo, Viktor H Ahlqvist, Kristofer Hedman, Sara Higueras-Fresnillo, Emil Hagström, Melony Fortuin- de Smidt, Bledar Daka, Cecilia Lenander, Anton Olsson, Daniel Berglind, Carl Johan Östgren, Karin Rådholm, Francisco B Ortega, Pontus Henriksson","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108128","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Early-life determinants of middle-age cardiovascular health are poorly understood. This study examines associations of body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness in male adolescents with cardiovascular health measured by the Life's Essential 8 score in middle age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based cohort study linked BMI and physical fitness from the Swedish Military Conscription Register (men conscripted 1972-1987) to cardiovascular health from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS, 2013-2018). In 2025, 8930 men (mean age 18.3 years) were analyzed after 38.2 years of follow-up. Physical fitness included cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal cycle-ergometer test), and muscular strength (isometric dynamometry of knee extension, elbow flexion, and handgrip). Cardiovascular health was evaluated using the American Heart Association Life's Essential 8 score (0-100; poor health <60). Associations were assessed using linear and binomial logistic regressions and restricted cubic splines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BMI and cardiorespiratory fitness exhibited J-shaped and linear associations, respectively, with cardiovascular health. Compared to normal weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of having poor cardiovascular health for overweight (BMI: 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were OR 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.00-2.92) and OR 5.38 (95% CI 2.99-9.70). No statistically significant associations were observed between muscular strength and cardiovascular health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Obesity and low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in male adolescents were associated with lower cardiovascular health in middle age, after nearly four decades of follow-up. Although further studies are needed, promotion of a healthy body weight and cardiorespiratory fitness in youth may be of importance for later cardiovascular health.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Associations of adolescent BMI and physical fitness with cardiovascular health in middle age: a population-based prospective study of Swedish men.\",\"authors\":\"Ángel Herraiz-Adillo, Viktor H Ahlqvist, Kristofer Hedman, Sara Higueras-Fresnillo, Emil Hagström, Melony Fortuin- de Smidt, Bledar Daka, Cecilia Lenander, Anton Olsson, Daniel Berglind, Carl Johan Östgren, Karin Rådholm, Francisco B Ortega, Pontus Henriksson\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108128\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Early-life determinants of middle-age cardiovascular health are poorly understood. This study examines associations of body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness in male adolescents with cardiovascular health measured by the Life's Essential 8 score in middle age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based cohort study linked BMI and physical fitness from the Swedish Military Conscription Register (men conscripted 1972-1987) to cardiovascular health from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS, 2013-2018). In 2025, 8930 men (mean age 18.3 years) were analyzed after 38.2 years of follow-up. Physical fitness included cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal cycle-ergometer test), and muscular strength (isometric dynamometry of knee extension, elbow flexion, and handgrip). Cardiovascular health was evaluated using the American Heart Association Life's Essential 8 score (0-100; poor health <60). Associations were assessed using linear and binomial logistic regressions and restricted cubic splines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BMI and cardiorespiratory fitness exhibited J-shaped and linear associations, respectively, with cardiovascular health. Compared to normal weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of having poor cardiovascular health for overweight (BMI: 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were OR 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.00-2.92) and OR 5.38 (95% CI 2.99-9.70). No statistically significant associations were observed between muscular strength and cardiovascular health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Obesity and low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in male adolescents were associated with lower cardiovascular health in middle age, after nearly four decades of follow-up. Although further studies are needed, promotion of a healthy body weight and cardiorespiratory fitness in youth may be of importance for later cardiovascular health.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50805,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American Journal of Preventive Medicine\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"108128\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-25\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American Journal of Preventive Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108128\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108128","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Associations of adolescent BMI and physical fitness with cardiovascular health in middle age: a population-based prospective study of Swedish men.
Introduction: Early-life determinants of middle-age cardiovascular health are poorly understood. This study examines associations of body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness in male adolescents with cardiovascular health measured by the Life's Essential 8 score in middle age.
Methods: A population-based cohort study linked BMI and physical fitness from the Swedish Military Conscription Register (men conscripted 1972-1987) to cardiovascular health from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS, 2013-2018). In 2025, 8930 men (mean age 18.3 years) were analyzed after 38.2 years of follow-up. Physical fitness included cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal cycle-ergometer test), and muscular strength (isometric dynamometry of knee extension, elbow flexion, and handgrip). Cardiovascular health was evaluated using the American Heart Association Life's Essential 8 score (0-100; poor health <60). Associations were assessed using linear and binomial logistic regressions and restricted cubic splines.
Results: BMI and cardiorespiratory fitness exhibited J-shaped and linear associations, respectively, with cardiovascular health. Compared to normal weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of having poor cardiovascular health for overweight (BMI: 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were OR 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.00-2.92) and OR 5.38 (95% CI 2.99-9.70). No statistically significant associations were observed between muscular strength and cardiovascular health.
Conclusions: Obesity and low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in male adolescents were associated with lower cardiovascular health in middle age, after nearly four decades of follow-up. Although further studies are needed, promotion of a healthy body weight and cardiorespiratory fitness in youth may be of importance for later cardiovascular health.
期刊介绍：
The American Journal of Preventive Medicine is the official journal of the American College of Preventive Medicine and the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research. It publishes articles in the areas of prevention research, teaching, practice and policy. Original research is published on interventions aimed at the prevention of chronic and acute disease and the promotion of individual and community health.
Of particular emphasis are papers that address the primary and secondary prevention of important clinical, behavioral and public health issues such as injury and violence, infectious disease, women''s health, smoking, sedentary behaviors and physical activity, nutrition, diabetes, obesity, and substance use disorders. Papers also address educational initiatives aimed at improving the ability of health professionals to provide effective clinical prevention and public health services. Papers on health services research pertinent to prevention and public health are also published. The journal also publishes official policy statements from the two co-sponsoring organizations, review articles, media reviews, and editorials. Finally, the journal periodically publishes supplements and special theme issues devoted to areas of current interest to the prevention community.
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