Comparative Analysis of Physical Performance and Quality of Life in Adolescents with Down Syndrome and their Typically Developing Peers.

Background: Down syndrome (DS) also causes serious physiological impairments, musculoskeletal problems, and functional limitations. Especially during and after adolescence, a decrease in aerobic capacity, a tendency toward a sedentary lifestyle, low quality of life, low participation, and an increase in various health risks are observed.

Aim: To examine the anthropometric characteristics, physical performance levels, and quality of life of adolescents with DS and identify their need to better prepare them for healthier adulthood.

Methods: Thirty adolescents with DS and 28 typically developing (TD) peers participated in this study. Anthropometric measurements, lower extremity strength, and physical performance levels were assessed using the 30 secSit-to-Stand Test, timed up-and-go Test, Six-Minute Walking Test, Beighton hypermobility test, and physiological cost index. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire-Adolescent Form (PedsQL-A) were administered. Differences between groups were tested using an independent samples t-test. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to examine the relationships between variables. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results: The study found that 83.33% of adolescents with DS were classified as obese or overweight. Adolescents with DS showed significantly lower lower extremity strength and physical performance levels but higher flexibility. The quality of life, except for emotional functionality, was higher in the TD group across all areas. Body mass index (BMI) in adolescents with DS was positively correlated with the PedsQL-A score and negatively correlated with the PAQ-A.

Conclusion: Targeted interventions are needed to improve physical performance and overall health outcomes of adolescents with DS.