The bridging role of neutrophils in the progression of inflammation-induced colorectal cancer

Neutrophils play a multifaceted and dynamically evolving role in the progression of inflammation-driven colorectal cancer (CRC). This review summarizes the functional reprogramming and phenotypic polarization of neutrophils under chronic inflammatory conditions, with a particular focus on their contribution to tumor immune microenvironment remodeling. Specifically, we highlight the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), released through NETosis, in establishing immunosuppressive networks and reshaping the pro-metastatic stromal niche. The review further discusses the reciprocal interactions between neutrophils and the tumor microenvironment, as well as the impact of metabolic reprogramming and gut microbiota crosstalk on inflammation-to-cancer transition. By systematically outlining the mechanisms through which neutrophils influence inflammation-associated CRC, this review aims to provide conceptual insights and a framework for future research and therapeutic intervention strategies.