{"title":"2020-2024年沙特阿拉伯Al-Baha地区MMR疫苗接种覆盖率和流行病学模式：疑似病例和实验室确诊病例分析","authors":"Anwar Alomari, Mona Al-Qahtani","doi":"10.3390/ijerph22091404","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High national MMR coverage in Saudi Arabia coexists with sporadic measles, mumps, and rubella cases. Local data are needed to describe vaccination coverage among the reported cases and patterns of laboratory-confirmed infections.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was conducted to describe MMR vaccination coverage among the reported suspected cases and patterns of laboratory-confirmed measles, mumps, and rubella in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia, from January 2020 to August 2024, and to examine associations between demographics, residence, vaccination status, and case classification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of surveillance records from the Al-Baha Communicable Disease Reporting System. We summarized the demographics, vaccination history, and final classification for 295 reported suspected cases. Inferential analyses (chi-square and logistic regression) used laboratory-confirmed cases only. Statistical significance was <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 295 reported suspected cases, 239 (81.0%) were discarded after investigation, and 52 (17.6%) were confirmed (including 50 laboratory-confirmed and two epidemiologically confirmed), with 3 (1.0%) remaining under review at analysis. Among all reported cases, the vaccination status was ≥2 doses, 57.6% (<i>n</i> = 170), one dose, 19.0% (<i>n</i> = 56), and unvaccinated/unknown, 23.4% (<i>n</i> = 69). Among the laboratory-confirmed infections, measles was clustered in unvaccinated/unknown, mumps was clustered in single-dose recipients, and rubella was in ≥2-dose recipients. In multivariable models, males had higher odds of a laboratory-confirmed infection, and rural residence was associated with increased odds. The confidence intervals were wide due to small numbers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reported surveillance data show persistent laboratory-confirmed MMR infections in Al-Baha with demographic and geographic disparities. The findings support targeted efforts to complete two-dose schedules, strengthen rural access, and improve immunization record systems. The results are associations and not causal measures of vaccine effectiveness, and should be interpreted in light of small confirmed case counts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49056,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":"22 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470049/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"MMR Vaccination Coverage and Epidemiological Patterns in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia, 2020-2024: Analysis of Suspected and Laboratory-Confirmed Cases.\",\"authors\":\"Anwar Alomari, Mona Al-Qahtani\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/ijerph22091404\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High national MMR coverage in Saudi Arabia coexists with sporadic measles, mumps, and rubella cases. Local data are needed to describe vaccination coverage among the reported cases and patterns of laboratory-confirmed infections.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was conducted to describe MMR vaccination coverage among the reported suspected cases and patterns of laboratory-confirmed measles, mumps, and rubella in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia, from January 2020 to August 2024, and to examine associations between demographics, residence, vaccination status, and case classification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of surveillance records from the Al-Baha Communicable Disease Reporting System. We summarized the demographics, vaccination history, and final classification for 295 reported suspected cases. Inferential analyses (chi-square and logistic regression) used laboratory-confirmed cases only. Statistical significance was <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 295 reported suspected cases, 239 (81.0%) were discarded after investigation, and 52 (17.6%) were confirmed (including 50 laboratory-confirmed and two epidemiologically confirmed), with 3 (1.0%) remaining under review at analysis. Among all reported cases, the vaccination status was ≥2 doses, 57.6% (<i>n</i> = 170), one dose, 19.0% (<i>n</i> = 56), and unvaccinated/unknown, 23.4% (<i>n</i> = 69). Among the laboratory-confirmed infections, measles was clustered in unvaccinated/unknown, mumps was clustered in single-dose recipients, and rubella was in ≥2-dose recipients. In multivariable models, males had higher odds of a laboratory-confirmed infection, and rural residence was associated with increased odds. The confidence intervals were wide due to small numbers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reported surveillance data show persistent laboratory-confirmed MMR infections in Al-Baha with demographic and geographic disparities. The findings support targeted efforts to complete two-dose schedules, strengthen rural access, and improve immunization record systems. The results are associations and not causal measures of vaccine effectiveness, and should be interpreted in light of small confirmed case counts.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":49056,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health\",\"volume\":\"22 9\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470049/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"103\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22091404\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"综合性期刊\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22091404","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
MMR Vaccination Coverage and Epidemiological Patterns in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia, 2020-2024: Analysis of Suspected and Laboratory-Confirmed Cases.
Background: High national MMR coverage in Saudi Arabia coexists with sporadic measles, mumps, and rubella cases. Local data are needed to describe vaccination coverage among the reported cases and patterns of laboratory-confirmed infections.
Objectives: This study was conducted to describe MMR vaccination coverage among the reported suspected cases and patterns of laboratory-confirmed measles, mumps, and rubella in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia, from January 2020 to August 2024, and to examine associations between demographics, residence, vaccination status, and case classification.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of surveillance records from the Al-Baha Communicable Disease Reporting System. We summarized the demographics, vaccination history, and final classification for 295 reported suspected cases. Inferential analyses (chi-square and logistic regression) used laboratory-confirmed cases only. Statistical significance was p < 0.05.
Results: Of 295 reported suspected cases, 239 (81.0%) were discarded after investigation, and 52 (17.6%) were confirmed (including 50 laboratory-confirmed and two epidemiologically confirmed), with 3 (1.0%) remaining under review at analysis. Among all reported cases, the vaccination status was ≥2 doses, 57.6% (n = 170), one dose, 19.0% (n = 56), and unvaccinated/unknown, 23.4% (n = 69). Among the laboratory-confirmed infections, measles was clustered in unvaccinated/unknown, mumps was clustered in single-dose recipients, and rubella was in ≥2-dose recipients. In multivariable models, males had higher odds of a laboratory-confirmed infection, and rural residence was associated with increased odds. The confidence intervals were wide due to small numbers.
Conclusions: Reported surveillance data show persistent laboratory-confirmed MMR infections in Al-Baha with demographic and geographic disparities. The findings support targeted efforts to complete two-dose schedules, strengthen rural access, and improve immunization record systems. The results are associations and not causal measures of vaccine effectiveness, and should be interpreted in light of small confirmed case counts.
期刊介绍：
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) (ISSN 1660-4601) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original articles, critical reviews, research notes, and short communications in the interdisciplinary area of environmental health sciences and public health. It links several scientific disciplines including biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, cellular and molecular biology, chemistry, computer science, ecology, engineering, epidemiology, genetics, immunology, microbiology, oncology, pathology, pharmacology, and toxicology, in an integrated fashion, to address critical issues related to environmental quality and public health. Therefore, IJERPH focuses on the publication of scientific and technical information on the impacts of natural phenomena and anthropogenic factors on the quality of our environment, the interrelationships between environmental health and the quality of life, as well as the socio-cultural, political, economic, and legal considerations related to environmental stewardship and public health.
The 2018 IJERPH Outstanding Reviewer Award has been launched! This award acknowledge those who have generously dedicated their time to review manuscripts submitted to IJERPH. See full details at http://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph/awards.
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