{"title":"饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和噬菌体对马钢鹅水质、胴体性状和肌肉生长的影响。","authors":"Yong Li, Yongquan Luo, Yuanhao Han, Zhiyuan Liu, Songchao Li, Xiujin Li, Zhongping Wu, Yunbo Tian, Yunmao Huang, Xumeng Zhang","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090861","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> contamination in goose bath water releases endotoxins like lipopolysaccharide (LPS), compromising immunity and hindering goose farming.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated effects of dietary <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and bacteriophage supplementation on water quality, carcass traits, and muscle growth in Magang geese.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 288 geese were divided into four groups based on similarity in weight (n = 6 geese): A (basal diet); B (basal diet + bacteriophage: 5.0 × 10<sup>10</sup> PFU/L at 1:1000 dilution); C (basal diet + <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>: 5.0 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/kg); D (basal diet + bacteriophage + <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Supplementation significantly increased wing length, tibia length, and live weight at 60 days. It reduced water and plasma endotoxin levels and suppressed viable counts of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i>, and total bacteria in water across rearing stages. Supplementation up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of myogenic regulators (<i>MYOD</i>, <i>MYOG</i>, <i>MYH1</i>) and <i>IGF-1</i>, while down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (<i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IL-6</i>), suggesting enhanced myofiber growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and bacteriophage supplementation improves goose growth performance and immune status by modulating key genes, reducing pathogens and endotoxins, offering an eco-friendly strategy to enhance productivity and potentially reduce antibiotic dependency.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474057/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effects of Dietary <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and Bacteriophage Supplementation on Water Quality, Carcass Traits, and Muscle Growth in Magang Geese.\",\"authors\":\"Yong Li, Yongquan Luo, Yuanhao Han, Zhiyuan Liu, Songchao Li, Xiujin Li, Zhongping Wu, Yunbo Tian, Yunmao Huang, Xumeng Zhang\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/vetsci12090861\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> contamination in goose bath water releases endotoxins like lipopolysaccharide (LPS), compromising immunity and hindering goose farming.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated effects of dietary <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and bacteriophage supplementation on water quality, carcass traits, and muscle growth in Magang geese.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 288 geese were divided into four groups based on similarity in weight (n = 6 geese): A (basal diet); B (basal diet + bacteriophage: 5.0 × 10<sup>10</sup> PFU/L at 1:1000 dilution); C (basal diet + <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>: 5.0 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/kg); D (basal diet + bacteriophage + <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Supplementation significantly increased wing length, tibia length, and live weight at 60 days. It reduced water and plasma endotoxin levels and suppressed viable counts of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i>, and total bacteria in water across rearing stages. Supplementation up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of myogenic regulators (<i>MYOD</i>, <i>MYOG</i>, <i>MYH1</i>) and <i>IGF-1</i>, while down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (<i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IL-6</i>), suggesting enhanced myofiber growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and bacteriophage supplementation improves goose growth performance and immune status by modulating key genes, reducing pathogens and endotoxins, offering an eco-friendly strategy to enhance productivity and potentially reduce antibiotic dependency.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23694,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Veterinary Sciences\",\"volume\":\"12 9\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474057/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Veterinary Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12090861\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"VETERINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12090861","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Effects of Dietary Bacillus subtilis and Bacteriophage Supplementation on Water Quality, Carcass Traits, and Muscle Growth in Magang Geese.
Background: Escherichia coli and Salmonella contamination in goose bath water releases endotoxins like lipopolysaccharide (LPS), compromising immunity and hindering goose farming.
Objective: This study evaluated effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis and bacteriophage supplementation on water quality, carcass traits, and muscle growth in Magang geese.
Method: A total of 288 geese were divided into four groups based on similarity in weight (n = 6 geese): A (basal diet); B (basal diet + bacteriophage: 5.0 × 1010 PFU/L at 1:1000 dilution); C (basal diet + Bacillus subtilis: 5.0 × 109 CFU/kg); D (basal diet + bacteriophage + Bacillus subtilis).
Results: Supplementation significantly increased wing length, tibia length, and live weight at 60 days. It reduced water and plasma endotoxin levels and suppressed viable counts of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and total bacteria in water across rearing stages. Supplementation up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of myogenic regulators (MYOD, MYOG, MYH1) and IGF-1, while down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), suggesting enhanced myofiber growth.
Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that Bacillus subtilis and bacteriophage supplementation improves goose growth performance and immune status by modulating key genes, reducing pathogens and endotoxins, offering an eco-friendly strategy to enhance productivity and potentially reduce antibiotic dependency.
期刊介绍：
Veterinary Sciences is an international and interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal. It publishes original that are relevant to any field of veterinary sciences, including prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in animals. This journal covers almost all topics related to animal health and veterinary medicine. Research fields of interest include but are not limited to: anaesthesiology anatomy bacteriology biochemistry cardiology dentistry dermatology embryology endocrinology epidemiology genetics histology immunology microbiology molecular biology mycology neurobiology oncology ophthalmology parasitology pathology pharmacology physiology radiology surgery theriogenology toxicology virology.
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