从农场到餐桌:畜牧业生产和食物链中的抗微生物细菌病原体。

IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES
Ayman Elbehiry, Eman Marzouk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

畜牧业生产系统中的抗菌素耐药性(AMR)已成为一个主要的全球卫生问题,不仅威胁到动物福利和农业生产力,还威胁到食品安全和公共卫生。在促进生长、预防和过敏反应中广泛使用抗菌素,而且往往管理不善,这加速了耐药细菌和耐药基因的出现和传播。这些要素在相互关联的动物、环境和人类生态系统中循环,由可移动的遗传要素驱动,并通过食品生产链放大。据估计,超过三分之二的医学上重要的抗微生物药物用于动物,如果不加以控制,到本世纪中叶,抗生素耐药性每年可能导致数百万人死亡。在一些牲畜系统中,耐多药大肠杆菌的流行率已经超过分离株的一半,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家的家禽和猪中。这篇叙述性的综述提供了一个全面的分子流行病学,生态驱动因素,以及食品生产动物中抗菌素耐药性的一个健康影响的概述。我们强调了主要的人畜共患和食源性细菌病原体,包括大肠杆菌、肠炎沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,以及共生微生物群和牲畜环境中未被重视的宿主。诊断平台包括表型分析、PCR、MALDI-TOF MS、全基因组测序和基于crispr的工具,研究了它们在AMR检测、监测和抗性基因表征中的作用。我们还评估了当前的抗微生物药物管理做法、全球和区域监测举措以及政策框架,确定了关键的实施差距,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家。水产养殖和昆虫养殖等新兴行业被认为是未来抗菌素耐药性的潜在热点。最后,我们概述了未来的发展方向,包括实时基因组监测、人工智能辅助耐药性预测和集成的One Health数据平台,这些都是对抗抗菌素耐药性的重要创新。减轻畜牧业中抗菌素耐药性的威胁需要协调一致的科学、监管和跨部门反应,以确保人用和兽药抗菌剂的长期效力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
From Farm to Fork: Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens in Livestock Production and the Food Chain.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock production systems has emerged as a major global health concern, threatening not only animal welfare and agricultural productivity but also food safety and public health. The widespread, and often poorly regulated, use of antimicrobials for growth promotion, prophylaxis, and metaphylaxis has accelerated the emergence and dissemination of resistant bacteria and resistance genes. These elements circulate across interconnected animal, environmental, and human ecosystems, driven by mobile genetic elements and amplified through the food production chain. It is estimated that more than two-thirds of medically important antimicrobials are used in animals, and AMR could cause millions of human deaths annually by mid-century if unchecked. In some livestock systems, multidrug-resistant E. coli prevalence already exceeds half of isolates, particularly in poultry and swine in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular epidemiology, ecological drivers, and One Health implications of AMR in food-producing animals. We highlight key zoonotic and foodborne bacterial pathogens-including Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus-as well as underappreciated reservoirs in commensal microbiota and livestock environments. Diagnostic platforms spanning phenotypic assays, PCR, MALDI-TOF MS, whole-genome sequencing, and CRISPR-based tools are examined for their roles in AMR detection, surveillance, and resistance gene characterization. We also evaluate current antimicrobial stewardship practices, global and regional surveillance initiatives, and policy frameworks, identifying critical implementation gaps, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Emerging sectors such as aquaculture and insect farming are considered for their potential role as future AMR hotspots. Finally, we outline future directions including real-time genomic surveillance, AI-assisted resistance prediction, and integrated One Health data platforms as essential innovations to combat AMR. Mitigating the threat of AMR in animal agriculture will require coordinated scientific, regulatory, and cross-sectoral responses to ensure the long-term efficacy of antimicrobial agents for both human and veterinary medicine.

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来源期刊
Veterinary Sciences
Veterinary Sciences VETERINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
8.30%
发文量
612
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: Veterinary Sciences is an international and interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal. It publishes original that are relevant to any field of veterinary sciences, including prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in animals. This journal covers almost all topics related to animal health and veterinary medicine. Research fields of interest include but are not limited to: anaesthesiology anatomy bacteriology biochemistry cardiology dentistry dermatology embryology endocrinology epidemiology genetics histology immunology microbiology molecular biology mycology neurobiology oncology ophthalmology parasitology pathology pharmacology physiology radiology surgery theriogenology toxicology virology.
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