Risk Factors for Transition of Care in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction: A Narrative Review and Expert Opinion.

Background: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) have a significant impact on the quality of life of children and families. Forty percent of children with recurrent abdominal pain continue to have symptoms into adulthood. Specialized programs for the transition of adolescents with DGBI to adult care are scarce. There are no widely accepted guidelines for transition of care. Identifying risk factors for persistence of symptoms into adulthood is key to identifying the optimal population that should be part of such programs and guidelines design.

Methods: A narrative comprehensive review was conducted using predefined keywords to identify risk factors for persistent DGBI in children/adolescents.

Results: Female sex, psychological distress, family history of DGBI, and certain comorbidities had stronger evidence for persistence, whereas other risk factors rely on limited data.

Conclusions: It is suggested that transition programs should focus on adolescents presenting with multiple coexisting risk factors. The program should at least include pediatric and adult neurogastroenterologists, dieticians, psychologists, and social workers. Tertiary prevention through psychological support, school-based programs, and management of anxiety and sleep disturbances may reduce the persistence of symptoms. Prospective studies should refine risk stratification and guide transition strategies.