Huiming Yang, Yuhang Wang, Junxian Miao, Jiangtao Wang, Hao Li, Yang Zhang, Liang Yan, Biao Wang
{"title":"新型3d打印钛笼与传统钛笼抗沉降力学性能对比分析","authors":"Huiming Yang, Yuhang Wang, Junxian Miao, Jiangtao Wang, Hao Li, Yang Zhang, Liang Yan, Biao Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13018-025-06237-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Titanium cage subsidence remains a common complication following anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion. 3D printing technology can optimize titanium cages, including high geometric matching and unique porous graded structures, providing a better option for improving titanium cage subsidence. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of 3D-printed titanium cages and compare them with those of conventional titanium cages, providing preclinical data for future clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The samples were divided into a 3D-printed titanium cage group and a conventional titanium cage group, with 5 samples in each group. A static compression test was conducted using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F2077-14 standard to evaluate the stiffness of the titanium cages. A static subsidence test was conducted using the ASTM F2267-04 standard to evaluate the stiffness (K<sub>p</sub>) of the test blocks in different groups of Sawbone. The larger the K<sub>p</sub> value, the smaller the tendency of titanium cage subsidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the static compression test, the stiffness of the 3D-printed titanium cage and the conventional titanium cage were (6562.60 ± 390.72) N/mm and (10252.40 ± 704.07) N/mm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). In the static subsidence test, the stiffness of the 3D-printed titanium cage system and the conventional titanium cage system were (258.60 ± 7.99) N/mm and (221.00 ± 20.36) N/mm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Additionally, the stiffness (K<sub>p</sub> value) of the test block for the 3D-printed titanium cage in the static subsidence test was 270 N/mm, while the K<sub>p</sub> value of the test block in the conventional titanium cage static subsidence test was 226 N/mm, indicating a 19.5% increase in anti-subsidence capability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The optimized 3D-printed titanium cage, featuring anatomical conformity and a 70% porous structure, demonstrates 19.5% improved anti-subsidence performance compared to conventional designs, addressing limitations in prior 3D-printed solutions, providing a promising and feasible solution for reducing the subsidence of titanium cages.</p>","PeriodicalId":16629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465666/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Analysis of the anti-subsidence mechanical properties of novel 3D-printed titanium cages compared to conventional titanium cages.\",\"authors\":\"Huiming Yang, Yuhang Wang, Junxian Miao, Jiangtao Wang, Hao Li, Yang Zhang, Liang Yan, Biao Wang\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s13018-025-06237-6\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Titanium cage subsidence remains a common complication following anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion. 3D printing technology can optimize titanium cages, including high geometric matching and unique porous graded structures, providing a better option for improving titanium cage subsidence. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of 3D-printed titanium cages and compare them with those of conventional titanium cages, providing preclinical data for future clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The samples were divided into a 3D-printed titanium cage group and a conventional titanium cage group, with 5 samples in each group. A static compression test was conducted using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F2077-14 standard to evaluate the stiffness of the titanium cages. A static subsidence test was conducted using the ASTM F2267-04 standard to evaluate the stiffness (K<sub>p</sub>) of the test blocks in different groups of Sawbone. The larger the K<sub>p</sub> value, the smaller the tendency of titanium cage subsidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the static compression test, the stiffness of the 3D-printed titanium cage and the conventional titanium cage were (6562.60 ± 390.72) N/mm and (10252.40 ± 704.07) N/mm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). In the static subsidence test, the stiffness of the 3D-printed titanium cage system and the conventional titanium cage system were (258.60 ± 7.99) N/mm and (221.00 ± 20.36) N/mm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Additionally, the stiffness (K<sub>p</sub> value) of the test block for the 3D-printed titanium cage in the static subsidence test was 270 N/mm, while the K<sub>p</sub> value of the test block in the conventional titanium cage static subsidence test was 226 N/mm, indicating a 19.5% increase in anti-subsidence capability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The optimized 3D-printed titanium cage, featuring anatomical conformity and a 70% porous structure, demonstrates 19.5% improved anti-subsidence performance compared to conventional designs, addressing limitations in prior 3D-printed solutions, providing a promising and feasible solution for reducing the subsidence of titanium cages.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16629,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research\",\"volume\":\"20 1\",\"pages\":\"854\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-26\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465666/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06237-6\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ORTHOPEDICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06237-6","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ORTHOPEDICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Analysis of the anti-subsidence mechanical properties of novel 3D-printed titanium cages compared to conventional titanium cages.
Background: Titanium cage subsidence remains a common complication following anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion. 3D printing technology can optimize titanium cages, including high geometric matching and unique porous graded structures, providing a better option for improving titanium cage subsidence. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of 3D-printed titanium cages and compare them with those of conventional titanium cages, providing preclinical data for future clinical trials.
Methods: The samples were divided into a 3D-printed titanium cage group and a conventional titanium cage group, with 5 samples in each group. A static compression test was conducted using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F2077-14 standard to evaluate the stiffness of the titanium cages. A static subsidence test was conducted using the ASTM F2267-04 standard to evaluate the stiffness (Kp) of the test blocks in different groups of Sawbone. The larger the Kp value, the smaller the tendency of titanium cage subsidence.
Results: In the static compression test, the stiffness of the 3D-printed titanium cage and the conventional titanium cage were (6562.60 ± 390.72) N/mm and (10252.40 ± 704.07) N/mm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). In the static subsidence test, the stiffness of the 3D-printed titanium cage system and the conventional titanium cage system were (258.60 ± 7.99) N/mm and (221.00 ± 20.36) N/mm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Additionally, the stiffness (Kp value) of the test block for the 3D-printed titanium cage in the static subsidence test was 270 N/mm, while the Kp value of the test block in the conventional titanium cage static subsidence test was 226 N/mm, indicating a 19.5% increase in anti-subsidence capability.
Conclusion: The optimized 3D-printed titanium cage, featuring anatomical conformity and a 70% porous structure, demonstrates 19.5% improved anti-subsidence performance compared to conventional designs, addressing limitations in prior 3D-printed solutions, providing a promising and feasible solution for reducing the subsidence of titanium cages.
期刊介绍：
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research is an open access journal that encompasses all aspects of clinical and basic research studies related to musculoskeletal issues.
Orthopaedic research is conducted at clinical and basic science levels. With the advancement of new technologies and the increasing expectation and demand from doctors and patients, we are witnessing an enormous growth in clinical orthopaedic research, particularly in the fields of traumatology, spinal surgery, joint replacement, sports medicine, musculoskeletal tumour management, hand microsurgery, foot and ankle surgery, paediatric orthopaedic, and orthopaedic rehabilitation. The involvement of basic science ranges from molecular, cellular, structural and functional perspectives to tissue engineering, gait analysis, automation and robotic surgery. Implant and biomaterial designs are new disciplines that complement clinical applications.
JOSR encourages the publication of multidisciplinary research with collaboration amongst clinicians and scientists from different disciplines, which will be the trend in the coming decades.
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