PRISMA-Guided Systematic Review on the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence and Embedded Systems for Smart Irrigation

Sustainable agriculture requires immediate innovative strategies as climate change tightens its hold on the world's water resources, also referred to as the "blue gold" resources. This systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines explores how Artificial Intelligence and Embedded Systems alter the way we use this valuable resource. Two main areas are examined: (1) reference evapotranspiration estimation by AI for precision irrigation. In this work, we review current approaches and suggest a unique categorization strategy to direct future investigations in water management policy. (2) Smart agriculture using embedded systems, without more focus on irrigation systems. We analyze their components, characteristics, and the advancements, highlighting constraints and current gaps. By examining their synergistic adoption, insights into the growth of AI and Embedded Systems within smart farming is provided. The advanced system that uses AI to estimate ET accurately and combines it with embedded technologies for real-time irrigation control is fueled by this level of knowledge. This technology has enormous potential to enable sustainable water practices.